A continuous transition from \(\mathcal{E} \)-sets to \(R\)-sets and beyond (Q6174366)

In Nevanlinna theory, in particular for the second fundamental theory, it is quite important to find sharp estimates for logarithmic derivatives of meromorphic functions by using the well-known \(\mathcal{E}\)-set and the \(R\)-set, see, e.g., [\textit{G. G. Gundersen}, J. Lond. Math. Soc., II. Ser. 37, No. 1, 88--104 (1988; Zbl 0638.30030); \textit{I. Laine}, Nevanlinna theory and complex differential equations. Berlin: W. de Gruyter (1992; Zbl 0784.30002)]. In this paper, the authors give a continuous transition from \(\mathcal{E}\)-sets to \(R\)-sets and then to thinner sets. Let \(K: [x_0,\infty)\to[0,\infty)\) be a strictly increasing, continuous and concave function satisfying \(K(x_0)=0\) for some \(x_0\geq0\). Moreover, \(K\) is supposed to be subadditive, i.e., there exists an \(R\geq x_0\) such that \(K(x+y)\leq K(x) + K(y)\), \(x, y\geq R\). A countable collection of Euclidean discs \(D(z_n,r_n)\) for which \(z_n\in \mathbb{C}\), \(|z_n|\to\infty\), \(r_n>0\), and \(\sum_{n}r_n/K(|z_n|)<\infty\) is called a \(K\)-set. Let \(c>0\) be an arbitrary constant. For any \(\phi\in[0,2\pi]\), they denote \[ \Lambda(K,\phi,c)=\big\{z\in\mathbb{C}: |\Im(ze^{-i\phi})|\leq c K(\Re(ze^{-i\phi})),\ \Re(ze^{-i\phi})\geq x_0\big\}. \] One of the results is the following. Let \(U\) be a \(K\)-set, and let \(\phi\in[0,2\pi]\). Then the set \(C\subset(0,\infty)\) of values \(c\) for which the curve \(\partial \Lambda (K, \phi, c)\) meets infinitely many discs \(D(z_n, r_n)\) has measure zero. Moreover, the circular projection \(E\) of \(U\) onto the interval \([1,\infty)\) satisfies \(\int_E \frac{dx}{K(x)}<\infty\). The convex case is also discussed. Further, the authors provide analogous discussions in the case of the unit disc \(\mathbb{D}\), where the curves tend to the boundary \(\partial D\) tangentially or non-tangentially.