On the \(q\)-binomial identities involving the Legendre symbol modulo 3 (Q6177426)

Let \(a\) and \(q\) be variables and define the \(q\)-Pochhammer symbol \((a;q)_n\coloneq (1-a)(1-aq)\ldots \left(1-aq^{n-1}\right)\) for any non-negative integer \(n\). For \(|q|<1\), define \((a;q)_\infty\coloneq \lim_{n\rightarrow \infty}(a; q)_n\). Note that \(1/{(q;q)_n}=0\) for all negative \(n\). The authors then define the \(q\)-binomial coefficients \[ \begin{bmatrix} m+n\\ m \end{bmatrix}_q\coloneq \begin{cases} \frac{(q;q)_{m+n}}{(q;q)_m(q;q)_n}, &\text{for } m,n\geq 0,\\ 0, &\text{otherwise} \end{cases} \] where \(m\), \(n\) are non-negative integers. In this study, the authors use a polynomial analogue of the Jacobi triple product identity given by \[ \sum_{i=-n}^{m}q^{i^2}x^i\begin{bmatrix} n+m\\n+i \end{bmatrix}_{q^2}=\left(-q/x; q^2\right)_n\left(-qx;q^2\right)_m \] together with the Eisenstein formula for the Legendre symbol modulo 3 to prove six identities involving the \(q\)-binomial coefficients. These identities are then extended to the new infinite hierarchies of \(q\)-series identities using the special case of Bailey's lemma. The six new \(q\)-hypergeometric hierarchies are the following: \begin{align*} \sum_{j=-\infty}^{\infty} \left(\frac{j}{3}\right)q^{\binom{j-1}{2}}\begin{bmatrix} 2L\\ L+j \end{bmatrix}_q=\begin{cases} \frac{\left(-1; q^3\right)_{L-1}}{\left(1;q\right)_{L-1}}q^{L-1}\frac{1-q^3}{1-q}\left(1-q^L\right), &L> 0,\\ 0, &L=0 \end{cases}&& \end{align*} \begin{align*} \sum_{j=-\infty}^{\infty} q^{\binom{j-1}{2}}\left(\frac{j}{3}\right)\begin{bmatrix} 2L+1\\ L+j \end{bmatrix}_q=q^L\frac{\left(-1;q^3\right)_L}{\left(-1;q\right)_L} \left(1+q-q^{L+1}\right)&& \end{align*} \begin{align*} \sum_{j=-\infty}^{\infty} (-1)^jq^{j^2}\left(\frac{j+1}{3}\right)\begin{bmatrix} 2L+1\\ L+j \end{bmatrix}_{q^2}=\frac{\left(q^3;q^6\right)_L}{\left(q;q^2\right)_{L+1}} \left(1-q^{2(1+2L)}\right)&& \end{align*} \begin{align*} \sum_{j=-\infty}^{\infty} (-1)^jq^{j^2}\left(\frac{j+1}{3}\right)\begin{bmatrix} 2L\\ L+j \end{bmatrix}_{q^2}=\frac{\left(q^3;q^6\right)_L}{\left(q;q^2\right)_{L}}&& \end{align*} \begin{align*} \sum_{j=-\infty}^{\infty} (-1)^jq^{j^2}\left(\frac{j+1}{3}\right)\begin{bmatrix} 2L+1\\ L-j \end{bmatrix}_{q^2}=\frac{\left(q^3;q^6\right)_L}{\left(q;q^2\right)_{L}}&& \end{align*} \begin{align*} \sum_{j=-\infty}^{\infty} (-1)^j\left(\frac{j}{3}\right)\begin{bmatrix} 2L+1\\ L-j \end{bmatrix}_{\tilde{q}}q^{j^2}=q^{1+2L}\frac{\left(q^3;q^6\right)_L}{\left(q;q^2\right)_{L}}.&& \end{align*} Moreover, three new polynomial identities are obtained with similar proofs as the six identities but left as an exercise for the readers.