Global heat kernel estimates for fractional Laplacians in unbounded open sets (Q639869)

The authors establish explicit global sharp two-sided heat kernel estimates for symmetric \(\alpha \)-stable processes in two classes of unbounded \(C ^{1,1}\)-open (possibly disconnected) sets \(D \subset {\mathbb R^d}\): half-space-like open sets and exterior open sets. The idea of proof is that for \(x, y \in D\) far from the boundary and \(t\) sufficiently large, one can compare the heat kernel to the heat kernel in a well understood open set: either a half-space or \({\mathbb R^d}\); while for the general case it can be reduced to the above case by pushing \(x\) and \(y\) inside away from the boundary. As a consequence, sharp Green functions estimates are obtained for the Dirichlet fractional Laplacian in these two types of open sets. Global sharp heat kernel estimates and Green function estimates are also obtained for censored stable processes in exterior open sets.