Multiplicative formulas in Schubert calculus and quiver representation (Q648952)

The author constructs a number \(d(G,X,C,\lambda)\) where \(G\) is a reductive group, \(X\) is a smooth irreducible variety, \(\lambda\) is a \(1\)-parameter subgroup of \(G\) and \(C\) is an irreducible component of the fixed point set \(X^{\lambda}\) of \(\lambda\) in \(X\). A product formula for \(d(G,X,C,\lambda)\) is given. The author proves that this formula generalizes the product formula in two situations: 1) the Belkale-Kumar product on \(H^*(G/Q, \mathbb{Z})\) [\textit{P. Belkale} and \textit{S. Kumar}, Invent. Math. 166, No. 1, 185--228 (2006; Zbl 1106.14037)] where \(Q\) is a parabolic subgroup of \(G\), by realizing that in this case \(d(G,X,C,\lambda)\) is the structure constant. 2) the Littlewood-Richardson type formula arising in the study of combinatorics of quivers [\textit{H. Derksen} and \textit{J. Weyman}, Ann. Inst. Fourier 61, No. 3, 1061--1131 (2011; Zbl 1271.16016)]. Derksen and Weyman have shown that for dimension vectors \(\alpha\) and \(\beta\) of the triple flag quiver \(Q=T_{n,n,n}\), the number \(\alpha\circ \beta\) equals \(c_{\lambda,\mu}^{\nu}\) where \(\lambda,\mu,\nu\) depend on \(\alpha\) and \(\beta\). The product of two such numbers is given by Littlewood-Richardson formula. By letting \(G=\mathrm{GL}(\alpha+\beta)\), \(X=\mathrm{Rep}(Q, \alpha+\beta)\), \(C=\mathrm{Rep}(Q, \alpha+\beta)^{\lambda}\), the present author realizes \(d(G,X,C,\lambda)\) as the number of points in the general fiber of a certain morphism \(\eta_{\lambda}\) which equals the number \(\alpha \circ \beta\). The product rule for \(d(G,X,C,\lambda)\) is then the Littlewood-Richardson formula mentioned above.