Hydrodynamics and hydrostatics for a class of asymmetric particle systems with open boundaries (Q664325)

Stochastic lattice gases and their contact with reservoirs are widely studied in the literature. For diffusive systems, robust methods have been developed. The hydrostatic profile is a stationary solution to the hydrodynamic equation with Dirichlet boundary conditions imposed by reservoir densities. For driven lattice gases the picture is different; even the symmetric simple exclusion process with open boundaries with low-density (LD) and high-density (HD) phases cannot satisfy both Dirichlet conditions. In one space dimension, the number and nature of phases is expected to depend on the current density function given in this paper in Equation (1) -- a variational formula for the uniform bulk density. The main result of this paper is to determine relevant boundary conditions in the scaling limit for asymmetric systems (with different LD and HD). In [Commun. Math. Phys. 140, No. 3, 417--448 (1991; Zbl 0738.60098)], \textit{F. Rezakhanlou} showed that, under Euler time-scaling, the hydrodynamic limit of attractive particle systems on \(\mathbb{Z}^d\) with product invariant measures is given by the entropy solution to a scalar conservation law. In this paper, the author gives an extension of this result to systems living in an open subset of \(\mathbb{R}^d\). It is a proven that the hydrodynamic limit is the unique entropy solution to an initial-boundary problem with BLN conditions given by \textit{G. Eyink, J. Lebowitz} and \textit{H. Spohn} [Commun. Math. Phys. 140, No. 1, 119--131 (1991; Zbl 0734.60110)]. Also, a derivation of a hydrostatic profile and the local equilibrium in a domain lying between two parallel hyperplanes coupled with uniform reservoirs is presented. This result is a \(d\)-dimensional solution of the result in [\textit{V. Popkov} and \textit{G. M. Schütz}, ``Steady-state selection in driven diffusive systems with open boundaries'', Europhys. Lett. 48, No. 3, 257--263 (1999)]. This paper is divided into 4 sections and one appendix. After the introduction, in Section 2, the definition of the framework and the main results are provided. Section 3 gives the hydrodynamic (Theorem 2.2) and hydrostatic (Theorem 2.4) limits with necessary proofs. Section 4 contains the proof of Theorem 2.3.