Extreme values for \(S_n(\sigma,t)\) near the critical line (Q669233)

Let \(\zeta(s)\) denote the Riemann zeta-function. For \(1/2\leq\sigma\leq 1\) and \(t>0\) we put \(S(\sigma,t)=\pi^{-1}\arg\zeta(\sigma+it)\), where the argument is determined in the usual way. We define \(S_n(\sigma+it)\) inductively by \(S_0(\sigma,t)=S(\sigma,t)\) and \[ S_n(\sigma,t)=\int_0^t S_{n-1}(\sigma,\tau)d\tau+\delta_{n,\sigma}, \] where \(\delta_{n,\sigma}\) is a constant depending only on \(n\) and \(\sigma\). We take any \(0\leq \beta<1\) and \(n\in\mathbb{Z}_{\geq 0}\) and fix them. In this paper, the author gives lower bounds for \(\max_{T^{\beta}\leq t\leq T}|S_n(\sigma,t)|\) under the Riemann hypothesis, where \(\frac{1}{2}\leq\sigma\leq\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{\log\log T}\). In the case \(n\equiv 1\pmod{4}\) the author obtains similar conditional lower bounds for \(\max_{T^{\beta}\leq t\leq T}S_n(\sigma,t)\). These results can be regarded as an extension of a part of the work by \textit{A. Bondarenko} and \textit{K. Seip} [Math. Ann. 372, No. 3--4, 999--1015 (2018; Zbl 1446.11153)], which gives conditional lower bounds for \(\max_t |S(1/2,t)|\) and \(\max_t S_1(1/2,t)\).