Existence and multiplicity of solutions for resonant \((p,2)\)-equations (Q680359)

The authors consider the following nonlinear, nonhomogeneous Dirichlet problem \[ -\Delta_p u(z)-\Delta u(z)=f(z,u(z))\quad\text{in } \Omega, \qquad u\big|_{\partial \Omega}=0,\tag{1} \] where \(\Omega \subseteq \mathbb{R}^N\) is a bounded domain with a \(C^2\)-boundary \(\partial \Omega\), \(\Delta_p\) (\(p>2\)) denotes the \(p\)-Laplace operator and the reaction term \(f:\Omega\times\mathbb{R} \to\mathbb{R}\) is a Carathéodory function satisfying certain conditions so that problem (1) is resonant at both \(\pm\infty\) and at zero. Based on variational methods and critical groups the authors prove in the first part the existence of a nontrivial smooth solution. In the second part, under some stronger conditions, they state a multiplicity result obtaining the existence of five ordered nontrivial smooth solutions whereby four of them have constant sign and the other one is a sign-changing solution.