Calderón's first and second complex interpolations of closed subspaces of Morrey spaces (Q682873)

Let \(1\leq q<\infty\) and let \(\varphi\) be a positive measurable function on \((0,\infty)\). The Morrey space \(\mathcal M_q^\varphi=\mathcal M_q^\varphi(\mathbb R^n)\) is the family of all functions \(f \in L^q_{\text{loc}}\) which satisfy \[ \|f\|_{\mathcal M_q^\varphi}:=\sup_{x\in \mathbb R^n\!, \,r>0} \frac{1}{\varphi(r)} \Big(\frac{1}{|B(x,r)|}\int_{B(x,r)}|f(y)|^q \,dy\Big)^{1/q}<\infty, \] where \( B(x,r)\) stands for the ball in \(\mathbb R^n\) centered at \(x\in \mathbb R^n\) with radius \(r>0\). Let \(\varphi \in \mathcal G_q\) mean that the function \(\varphi\) is increasing while the function \(t\mapsto t^{-n/q} \varphi(t)\) is decreasing on \((0, \infty)\). Moreover, denote by \(\overline {\mathcal {M}_q^\varphi}\) the closure with respect to \(\mathcal {M}_q^\varphi\) of the set of all essentially bounded functions in \(\mathcal {M}_q^\varphi\). Finally, suppose that \((X_0, X_1) \mapsto [X_0, X_1]_\theta\) and \((X_0, X_1) \mapsto [X_0, X_1]^\theta\) are the complex interpolation functors introduced in [\textit{A. P. Calderón}, Stud. Math. 24, 113--190 (1964; Zbl 0204.13703)]. The first main result of the paper reads as follows: Theorem 1. Let \(\theta \in (0,1)\), \(1\leq q_0<\infty\), \(1\leq q_1<\infty\), \(\varphi_i \!\in \!\mathcal G_q\), \(i=0,1\), and \(\varphi^{q_0}_0=\varphi^{q_1}_1\). If \(\varphi:= \varphi_0^{1-\theta} \varphi_1^\theta\) and \(\frac1{q}=\frac{1-\theta}{q_0}+\frac{\theta}{q_1}\), then \[ \Big[\mathcal M_{q_0}^{\varphi_0}, \mathcal M_{q_1}^{\varphi_1}\Big]_\theta=\Big \{f\in \overline{\mathcal {M}_q^\varphi} : \lim_{a\rightarrow 0+} \|\chi_{\{|f|<a\}}f\|_{\mathcal M_q^\varphi}=0\Big\}. \] If a linear subspace \(U\subset L^0\) has the lattice property (that is, \(g \in U\) whenever \(f \in U\) and \(|g|\leq |f|\)), then define \(U\mathcal M_q^\varphi\) as the closure of \(U\cap \mathcal M_q^\varphi\) in the space \(\mathcal M_q^\varphi\), \(U \bowtie M_q^\varphi:=\big\{f \in M_q^\varphi : \chi_{\{a\leq |f| \leq b\}}f \in U\mathcal M_q^\varphi \;\text{for all} \;\;0<a<b<\infty\big\}\). The second main result of the paper concerns the complex interpolation for subspaces \(U\mathcal M_q^\varphi\) and it is given in the following theorem: Theorem 2. Let \(\theta \in (0,1)\), \(1\leq q_0<\infty\), \(1\leq q_1<\infty\), \(\varphi_i \!\in \!\mathcal G_q\), \(i=0,1\), and \(\varphi^{q_0}_0=\varphi^{q_1}_1\). If \(\varphi:= \varphi_0^{1-\theta} \varphi_1^\theta\) and \(\frac1{q}=\frac{1-\theta}{q_0}+\frac{\theta}{q_1}\), then \[ \begin{aligned}\Big[U\mathcal M_{q_0}^{\varphi_0}, U\mathcal M_{q_1}^{\varphi_1}\Big]_\theta&= U\mathcal M_q^\varphi\cap \Big[\mathcal M_{q_0}^{\varphi_0}, \mathcal M_{q_1}^{\varphi_1}\Big]_\theta\\ &=\Big \{f\in U\mathcal M_q^\varphi\cap \overline {\mathcal {M}_q^\varphi}: \lim_{a\rightarrow 0+} \|\chi_{\{|f|<a\}}f\|_{\mathcal M_q^\varphi}=0\Big\} \end{aligned} \] and \[ \Big[U\mathcal M_{q_0}^{\varphi_0}, U\mathcal M_{q_1}^{\varphi_1}\Big]^\theta=U\bowtie M_q^\varphi. \] The results of Theorem 2 are illustrated by examples with particular choices of the linear subspace \(U\). The authors also consider the Morrey space \(\mathcal M_q^\varphi (\Omega)\), where \(\Omega\) is a bounded domain in \(\mathbb R^n\). This space is defined as the set of all functions \(f\in L^q(\Omega)\) such that \[ \|f\|_{\mathcal M_q^\varphi (\Omega)}:=\sup_{x\in \Omega, 0<r<\text{diam}(\Omega)} \frac{1}{\varphi(r)} \Big(\frac{1}{|B(x,r)|}\int_{B(x,r)\cap \,\Omega}|f(y)|^q \,dy\Big)^{1/q}<\infty. \] Moreover, they introduce the space \(\overset \circ {\mathcal M}_q^\varphi (\Omega)\) as the closure of \(C_c^\infty(\Omega)\) in \(\mathcal M_q^\varphi (\Omega)\) and prove the following interpolation result for these spaces: Theorem 3. Let \(\theta \in (0,1)\), \(1\leq q_0<\infty\), \(1\leq q_1<\infty\), \(\varphi_i \!\in\! \mathcal G_q\), \(i=0,1\), and \(\varphi^{q_0}_0=\varphi^{q_1}_1\). If \(\varphi:= \varphi_0^{1-\theta} \varphi_1^\theta\) and \(\frac1{q}=\frac{1-\theta}{q_0}+\frac{\theta}{q_1}\), then \[ \Big[\overset \circ {\mathcal M}_{q_0}^{\varphi_0}(\Omega), \overset \circ {\mathcal M}_{q_1}^{\varphi_1}(\Omega)\Big]_\theta= \overset \circ {\mathcal M}_{q}^{\varphi}(\Omega). \]