Stability of equilibrium solutions of Hamiltonian systems with \(n\)-degrees of freedom and single resonance in the critical case (Q683789)

The goal of this paper is to investigate the stability of solutions of Hamiltonian systems that have a single resonance. The setting is as follows: \[ \dot q={\partial H\over\partial p},\quad \dot p=-{\partial H\over\partial q}, \] is an autonomous Hamiltonian system with \(n\) degrees of freedom; \(H= H(p,q)\) is a real analytic function of \(p=(p_1,p_2,\dots, p_n)\) and \(q= (q_1,q_2,\dots, q_n)\) in a neighborhood of the origin, which is assumed to be an equilibrium solution. It is further assumed that each \(H_j\) in the Taylor series \[ H= H_1+ H_2+ H_3+\cdots+ H_j+\cdots \] consists of homogeneous polynomials of degree \(j\) in \((q,p)\). The authors also assure that the linearized Hamiltonian system is stable, so that \[ H_2= {\omega_1\over 2}(q^2_1+ p^2_1)+\cdots+ {\omega_n\over 2} (q^2_n+ p^2_n), \] where \(\pm\omega_1 i,\pm \omega_2 i,\dots,\pm \omega_n i\) are the eigenvalues of the linearized system. Finally, the authors assume that the linearized system has a single resonance of order \(k\), where \(k_1\omega_2+ k_2\omega_2+\cdots+ k_n\omega_n= 0\) and \(k= |k_1|+|k_2|+\cdots+|k_n|\). The authors then state and prove necessary and sufficient conditions for the stability of the null solution of the Hamiltonian system in the critical case. In a final section, the authors apply their results to the stability of the null solution arising in the Friedman-Robertson-Walker cosmological scalar field.