Stability for linear second order vector integro-differential equations (Q6870063)

The authors study uniform exponential stability for a class of two-dimensional linear second-order vector integro-differential equations with Volterra-type memory terms, and give explicit sufficient conditions that guarantee all solutions decay exponentially in time. The used method combines a Bohl-Perron type theorem with a priori bounds on solutions, reducing the stability problem to boundedness estimates for the forced equation and to control of the coupling and integral-kernel terms. The authors also isolate a scalar comparison mechanism for each component and use matrix-measure estimates for the first-order part to obtain usable criteria. They then derive corollaries for the special case without the integral term, so their conditions also apply to certain second-order vector ordinary differential equations.