Symmetric truncated Freud polynomials (Q6894182)

The authors introduce the family of symmetric truncated Freud polynomials, \(P_n(x;z)\), orthogonal with respect to the linear functional \(u\) defined by\N\[\N\langle u,P(x) \rangle=\int_{-z}^z P(x)e^{-x^4}dx, \quad P\in \mathbb{P},\ z>0,\N\]\Nwhich satisfy the three-term recurrence relation\N\[\NxP_n(x;z)=P_{n+1}(x;z)+\gamma_n(z)P_{n-1}(x;z), \quad n\geq 0.\N\]\NIn this case, they obtain that the functional \(u\) satisfies some properties such as:\N\begin{itemize}\N\item The following Pearson equation is satisfied: \(D(\phi(x;z),u)+\psi(x;z)u=0\), with \(\phi(x;z)=x^2-z^2\) and \(\psi(x;z)=4x^3(x^2-z^2)-2x\). Therefore, \(u\) is a \(D\)-semiclassical of class four;\N\item The following recurrence relation for the moments \((u_n)_{n\geq0}\) is satisfied:\N\[\N4u_{2n+6}-4z^2u_{2n+4}-(2n+3)u_{2n+2}+(2n+1)z^2u_{2n}=0,\N\]\Nwith initial conditions \(u_0=\frac{{\gamma}(1/4,z^4)}{2}\), \(u_2=\frac{{\gamma}(3/4,z^4)}{2}\), \(u_4=\frac{u_0}{4}-\frac{ze^{z^4}}{2}\), where \({\gamma(a;z)}\) is the lower incomplete gamma function.\N\end{itemize}\NAssociated with the moments of the linear functional \(u\) the Stieltjes function is defined by \[S_u(t;z)=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \frac{u_{2n}}{t^{n+1}},\] which satisfies the following linear ordinary equation,\N\[\N\phi(t;z)S_u(t;z)+[\phi'(t;z)+\psi(t;z)]S_u(t;z)=u_0(4t^4-1)+4(u_2t^2+u_4),\N\]\Nwhere \(\phi,\psi\) are non-zero polynomials with \(\deg(\phi)\geq 0\) and \(\deg(\psi)\geq 1\). Also, by rescaling the variable \(z\) so that the support becomes the interval \([-1,1]\), the authors consider the family of polynomials \(p_n(x;z)\) orthonormal with respect to the rescaled weight \(e^{-z^4x^4}\) on \([-1,1]\). Fixing a branch of the complex square root \(\sqrt{\xi^2-1}\), for fixed \(z,\xi\in\mathbb{C}-[-1,1]\), they obtain that\N\[\N\lim_{n\to\infty}\frac{p_n(\xi;z)}{U_n(\xi)}=\left(\frac{\sqrt{\xi^2-1}}{\xi+\sqrt{\xi^2-1}}\right)^{1/2} \mathrm{exp} \left(-\frac{z^4\xi}{2}\left(\left(\frac{1}{2}+s^2\right)\sqrt{\xi^2-1}-\xi^3\right)\right),\N\]\Nwhere \(U_n\) denotes the orthornormal Chebyshev polynomials of the second kind.\N\NFinally, an electrostatic interpretation of the zeros of the polynomials \(P_n(x;z)\) is given in terms of the so-called holonomic differential equation. The authors conclude the article with some numerical tests concerning these zeros as well as the asymptotic behaviour of the rescaled polynomials.