Nonlinear evolution equations and hyperelliptic covers of elliptic curves (Q691177)

A huge variety of nonlinear integrable processes and phenomena in physics and mathematics can be described by a few nonlinear partial derivative equations: Korteweg-deVries (KdV) and Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP), 1D and 2D Toda, sine-Gordon, nonlinear Schrödinger. The present paper is a further contribution to the study of exact solutions to these equations. The author will be concerned with algebro-geometric solutions, doubly periodic in one variable. According to the well known Its-Matveev's formulae, the Jacobians of the corresponding spectral curves must contain an elliptic curve \(X\), satisfying suitable geometric properties. It turns out that the latter curves are in fact contained in a particular algebraic surface \(S^\bot\), projecting onto a rational surface \(\widetilde{S}\). Moreover, all spectral curves project onto a rational curve inside. The author is thus led to study all rational curves of \(\widetilde{S}\), having suitable numerical equivalence classes. At last he obtains \(d-1\)-dimensional of spectral curves, of arbitrary high genus, giving rise to KdV solutions doubly periodic with respect to the \(d\)-th KdV flow (\(d \geq 1\)). A completely analogous constructive approach can be worked out for the other three cases. Some results are presented, without proof, for the 1D Toda, nonlinear Schrödinger and sine-Gordon equations.