A density condition for interpolation on the Heisenberg group (Q691269)

Gabor systems are arguably the most popular among group-related constructions of frames and of Riesz bases. In the abstract formulation of this paper, a Gabor frame is given by a unitary irreducible representation of the Heisenberg group \(N\) on \(L^2(\mathbb R)\), indexed by \(\lambda \in \widehat N\), a countable discrete subset \(\Gamma\) of \(N\), and a vector \(\psi \in L^2(\mathbb R)\), such that the map \[ C_\psi: L^2(\mathbb R) \to \ell^2(\Gamma), C_\psi f (g) = \langle f, \pi(g) \psi\rangle \] is bounded and has a bounded inverse. Extending the map \(V_\psi\) to all of \(N\) induces a left-invariant closed subspace \(\mathcal H\) of continuous functions in \(L^2(N)\), and then the range of \(C_\psi\) is obtained by sampling, restricting each function in \(\mathcal H\) to \(\Gamma\). A dual property to sampling is that of interpolation. For this, the map from the left-invariant function space \(\mathcal H\) to the sample values in \(\ell^2(\Gamma)\) must be surjective, or equivalently, the functions \(\{\pi(g) \psi \}_{g \in \Gamma}\) form a Riesz basis for \(L^2(\mathbb R)\). To have both properties is equivalent to having a family of reproducing kernel functions \(\{S_g\}_{g \in N}\) for \(\mathcal H\) which produces an orthonormal basis for \(\mathcal H\) when indexed by \(\Gamma\). Usually, Gabor systems are defined with one unitary irreducible representation of the Heisenberg group. The main point in this paper is to consider a family of unitary irreducible representations together in a direct integral decomposition of \(L^2(N)\). Following this idea, this paper describes the more general notion of Gabor fields, which provide frames for \(L^2(E \times \mathbb R)\), where \(E \subset \Lambda\) specifies the unitarily inequivalent Schrödinger representations of \(N\). Thus, \(\Lambda=\mathbb R\setminus \{0\}\), equipped with the measure \(\mu, d\mu = |\lambda|d\lambda\). The time-frequency shifts by \(k,l,m \in \mathbb R\) act in this ``extended'' representation by \[ {\widehat T}_{k,l,m} g(\lambda, t) = e^{2\pi i \lambda m} e^{-2\pi i \lambda l t} g(\lambda, t-k) \, . \] A function \(g \in L^2(E \times \mathbb R)\) is a Gabor field over \(E\) with respect to a lattice \(\Gamma_{\alpha, \beta}\) with spacing \(\alpha,\beta>0\) if for almost every \(\lambda \in E\), the time-frequency translates of \(|\lambda|^{1/2} g(\lambda, \cdot)\) form a Parseval frame for \(L^2(\mathbb R)\). The first main result is as follows: Let \(\mathcal H\) be a multiplicity free subspace of \(L^2(N)\), \(E\) the spectrum of \(\mathcal H\) and let \(\Gamma_{\alpha,\beta}\) be the lattice with lattice spacings \(\alpha, \beta >0\). Let \(g \in L^2(E \times \mathbb R)\) where the measure on the first component is \(\mu\). If a left-invariant subspace \(\mathcal H\) is embedded in \(L^2(E\times N)\) by the projection maps \(P_\lambda\) corresponding to each \(\lambda \in E\) in the direct integral decomposition, and if the sampling map, restricting each function to \(\Gamma_{\alpha,\beta}\) is a multiple of an isometry then that multiple is necessarily \(1/\alpha \beta\). Moreover, if \(\Gamma_{\alpha,\beta}\) is a set of sampling, then it has the interpolation property if and only if \(\mu(E)=1/\alpha \beta\). To illustrate this result, the authors construct Gabor fields for \(E=[-1,1]\) with respect to the lattice \(\Gamma_{1,1}\). The second main result is a characterization of Heisenberg orthonormal bases for arbitrary shift-invariant subspaces. This characterization uses the Fourier coefficients of a periodization function in analogy with the Wexler-Raz conditions for Gabor orthonormal bases.