Quantization and the Hessian of Mabuchi energy (Q691567)

Let \(L\rightarrow X\) be an ample line bundle over a complex projective manifold \(X\). Due to \textit{S. K. Donaldson}'s [J. Differ. Geom. 59, No. 3, 479--522 (2001; Zbl 1052.32017)] deep observation, under the assumpsion that \(\mathrm{Aut}(X, L)/\mathbb{C}^*\) is discrete, the existence of Kähler metric in the class of \(c_1 (L)\) with constant scalar curvature implies the balanced embeddings of \(X\) in \(H^{0}(X, L^{\otimes k})\) for \(k\) large enough. In this article, the author showed more relations between the problems of finding balanced embeddings and constant scalar curvature metrics. The guiding principle is that the balancing energy is the quantization of Mabuchi energy. Let \(\mathcal{D}^*\mathcal{D}\) be the Hessian of the Mabuchi energy induced by \textit{T. Mabuchi} [Tôhoku Math. J., II. Ser. 38, No. 1--2, 575--593 (1986; Zbl 0619.53040)], whose critical points are the metrics of constant scalar curvature. Let \(\mathcal{P}_k^* \mathcal{P}^{}_k\) be the Hessian of balancing energy, whose critical points define a balanced embedding of \(X\) in \(H^{0}(X, L^{\otimes k})\). The author first shows that the leading order term in the asymptotic expansion of \(\mathcal{P}_k^{*}\mathcal{P}^{}_k\) is exactely \(\mathcal{D}^*\mathcal{D}\). Another remarkable result proved by the author is that under the assumption that \(\mathrm{Aut} (X, L)/\mathbb{C}^{*}\) is discrete, the eigenvalues and eigenspaces of \(\mathcal{P}_k^{*}\mathcal{P}_k\) converge to those of \(\mathcal{D}^*\mathcal{D}\). As consequences, the author proves that the first eigenvalue estimate by \textit{D. H. Phong} and \textit{J. Sturm} [Am. J. Math. 126, No. 3, 693--712 (2004; Zbl 1077.53068)] is sharp. The author also proposes possible applications in the study of the Calabi flow. The results in this article are very interesting and important in the study of constant scalar curvatures.