Multilinear Fourier multipliers related to time-frequency localization (Q691814)

Let \(F\) be a symbol and let \(\varphi\), \(\psi\) be called the analysis window and the synthesis window, respectively. For a given symbol \(F\) let \[ (\psi, \varphi, f) \rightarrow L_{\bar{\varphi}, \psi}^{F}(f) \] be represented as a multilinear Fourier multiplier operator \(\mathcal{T}_{\mathfrak{a}}(\psi, \varphi, f)\), where the multiplier is given by \(m(x,y,z) = \mathfrak{a}(x+y, y+z)\) and \(\mathfrak{a}\) is the partial Fourier transform of \(F\) with respect to the first \(d\) variables. We note that the map \((\psi, \varphi, f) \rightarrow L_{\bar{\varphi}, \psi}^{F}(f)\) is bilinear in \((\varphi, f)\) but conjugate linear in \(\psi\). The authors firstly show that the bilinear operator \[ \mathcal{T}_{\mathfrak{a}}(\psi, \cdot, \cdot): L^2(\mathbb{R}^d) \times L^2(\mathbb{R}^d) \rightarrow L^2(\mathbb{R}^d) \] is a compact bilinear pseudodifferential operator under a mild hypothesis on \(\mathfrak{a}\) and \(\psi\). They secondly investigate the behavior of the family of localization operators \(L_{{\varphi}, \psi}^{F}\) when the synthesis window \(\psi \in L^2(\mathbb{R}^d)\) remains fixed and the analysis window \(\varphi\) varies on the unit ball of \(L^2(\mathbb{R}^d)\). They prove that the family of localization operators \(L_{{\varphi}, \psi}^{F}\) is a relatively compact set of compact operators on \(L^2(\mathbb{R}^d)\) whenever \(F \in L^p(\mathbb{R}^{2d})\) and \(1 \leq p < \infty\). When \(F \in L^{\infty}(\mathbb{R}^{2d}),\) the relative compactness of the family of localization operators \(L_{{\varphi}, \psi}^{F}\) is equivalent to the bilinear pseudodifferential operator \(\mathcal{T}_{\mathfrak{a}}(\psi, \varphi, f)\) being compact. Lastly, in the special case where \(F\) is the characteristic function of a subset \(A \subset \mathbb{R}^{2d}\), they obtain a geometric condition on \(A\) which guarantees that the family of localization operators \(L_{{\varphi}, \psi}^{F}\) is a relatively compact set of compact operators.