Orthonormal bases for anisotropic \(\alpha\)-modulation spaces (Q692052)

Let \(|\cdot|_a\) be an anisotropic quasi-norm, \[ |\xi|_a=|\xi_1|^{1/a_1}+|\xi_2|^{1/a_2},\quad \xi\in\mathbb R^2, \] where \(a=(a_1,a_2),\) \(a_2\geq a_1>0\) and \(a_1+a_2=2\). Let \(\alpha\in[0,1),\beta=\frac{1+a_2/a_1}{2(1-\alpha)}\). The author constructs anisotropic \(\alpha\)-covering as follows. Let \(I_0=[-1,1),\) \(I_n=[n^{\beta a_1},(n+1)^{\beta a_1}),\) and \(I_{-n}=-I_n,n\geq 1\). Next the sequence \(\{y_m\}\) is introduced by \(y_0=1,\) \(y_m=y_{m-1}+n^{\beta a_2-a_2/a_1},\) where \(n\in\mathbb N\) is chosen such that \(n^{\beta a_2}\leq y_{m-1}<(n+1)^{\beta a_2}.\) Then he defines \(\{ J_n^l\}\) as \(J_n^l=[y_{m-1},y_m),\) \(m=n+l+\sum_{i=1}^{n-1}k_i,\) where \(k_n\in\mathbb N_0\) are chosen appropriately and \(J_0^0=[-1,1),\) \(J_{-n}^{-l}=-J_n^l.\) To generate a connected admissible covering \(\mathbb P\) of \(\mathbb R^2\), it is sufficient to choose \(\{I_{n,i}\}\) and \(\{J_{n,j}^0\}\) such that \(| I_{n,i}|\asymp| I_n|,\) \(| J_{n,j}^0|\asymp| J_n^0|\), and, then, \(\mathbb P=\cup_{n=0}^{\infty}\mathbb P_n,\) \(\mathbb P_0=\{I_0\times J_0^0\},\) and \(\mathbb P_n\) are the ``hollow rectangles'' \(\mathbb P_n=\mathbb P_n^b\cup\mathbb P_n^l\cup\mathbb P_n^t\cup\mathbb P_n^r,\) \[ \mathbb P_n^b=\{I_{n,i}\times J_{-n}^l\},\quad \mathbb P_n^t=\{I_{n,i}\times J_{n}^l\},\quad\mathbb P_n^l=\{I_{-n}\times J_{n,j}^0\},\quad\mathbb P_n^r=\{I_{n}\times J_{n,j}^0\}. \] Using the covering \(\mathbb P\), the bivariate brushlet system \(\{w_{m,Q}\}_{m\in\mathbb N_0^2,Q\in\mathbb P}\) is defined by \(w_{m,Q}(x,y)=w_{m,I}(x)w_{m,J}(y),\) \(m=(m_1,m_2),\) \(Q=I\times J,\) and \(w_{m,I}\) are univariate brushlets defined in [\textit{L. Borup} and \textit{M. Nielsen}, J. Approximation Theory 123, No. 1, 25--51 (2003; Zbl 1038.42032)]. Then, the author proves that, for the anisotropic \(\alpha\)-modulation space \(M_{p,q}^{s,\alpha}(\mathbb R^2)\) [\textit{L. Borup} and \textit{M. Nielsen}, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 321, No. 2, 880--895 [2006; Zbl 1113.46006)], \[ \| f\|_{M_{p,q}^{s,\alpha}(\mathbb R^2)}\asymp\left(\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}n^{q\beta(s+\alpha-\frac{2\alpha}{p})}\sum_{Q\in\mathbb P_n}\left(\sum_{m\in\mathbb N_0^2}\left|\langle f,w_{m,Q}\rangle\right|^p\right)^{q/p}\right)^{1/q} \] and \(\{w_{m,Q}\}_{m\in\mathbb N_0^2,Q\in\mathbb P}\) constitutes an unconditional basis for \(M_{p,q}^{s,\alpha}(\mathbb R^2).\) Furthermore, \(\{w_{m,Q}\}_{m\in\mathbb N_0^2,Q\in\mathbb P}\) is applied for the \(n\)-term non-linear approximation in \(M_{p,q}^{s,\alpha}(\mathbb R^2)\) similar to the work of \textit{G. Garrigós} and \textit{E. Hernández} [Indiana Univ. Math. J. 53, No. 6, 1739--1762 (2004; Zbl 1163.41304)].