Optimal growth of entire functions frequently hypercyclic for the differentiation operator (Q694770)

A continuous linear operator on a Banach or Fréchet space \(X\) is said to be frequently hypercyclic if there exists a vector \(x\in X\) such that the set \(\{n\geq 1:T^{n}x\in U\}\) has positive lower density for any non-empty open subset \(U\) of \(X\). The authors are interested in the study of frequently hypercyclic functions for the differentiation operator \(D\) acting on the space \(\mathcal{E}\) of entire functions on \(\mathbb{C}\), endowed with the compact-open topology. It is known that \(D\) is a frequently hypercyclic operator on \(\mathcal{E}\), and Bonilla and Grosse-Erdmann posed the question of the optimal growth of functions which are frequently hypercyclic for \(D\). It was proved in [\textit{O. Blasco} et al., Proc. Edinb. Math. Soc., II. Ser. 53, No. 1, 39--59 (2010; Zbl 1230.47019)] that such a function \(f\) must satisfy \(\liminf _{r\to +\infty} r^{\frac{1}{4}}e^{-r}M_{f}(r)>0\), where \(M_{f}(r)\) is the supremum of \(f\) on the circle of radius \(r\). The main result of this paper is that this growth rate is optimal: the authors construct for each \(c>0\) an entire function \(f\) which is frequently hypercyclic for \(D\) and such that \(M_{f}(r)\leq ce^{r}r^{-\frac{1}{4}}\). The construction of such functions is very interesting. It involves Rudin-Shapiro polynomials, i.e., trigonometric polynomials with coefficients equal to \(1\) or \(-1\) whose sup norm is minimal. The bounds on \(M_{f}(r)\) are obtained thanks to some heat kernel estimates, which allow the authors to prove that certain Fourier multipliers are bounded on \(L^{p}(\mathbb{T})\). Analogous optimal growth rates in terms of average \(L^{p}\) norms for \(D\)-frequently hypercyclic functions are also obtained.