The stochastic primitive equations with nonisothermal turbulent pressure (Q6974237)

The authors consider the domain \(\mathcal{O}=\mathbb{T}^{2}\times (-h,0)\), where \(h>0\) and \(\mathbb{T}^{2}\) is the 2D flat torus, a given filtered probability space \((\Omega ,\mathcal{A},(\mathcal{F}_{t})_{t\geq 0},\mathbf{P })\), and the primitive equations with nonisothermal turbulent pressure written as: \(dv-\Delta vdt=[-\nabla _{H}P-(v\cdot \nabla _{H})v-w\partial _{3}v+F_{v}(\cdot ,v,\theta ,\nabla v,\nabla \theta )+\partial _{\gamma } \widetilde{p}]dt+\sum_{n\geq 1}[(\phi _{n}\cdot \nabla )v-\nabla _{H} \widetilde{P}_{n}+G_{v,n}(\cdot ,v,\theta )]d\beta _{t}^{n}\), \(d\theta -\Delta \theta dt=[-(v\cdot \nabla _{H})\theta -w\partial _{3}\theta +F_{\theta }(\cdot ,v,\theta ,\nabla v,\nabla \theta )]dt+\sum_{n\geq 1}[(\psi _{n}\cdot \nabla )\theta +G_{\theta ,n}(\cdot ,v,\theta )]d\beta _{t}^{n}\), \(\partial _{3}P+\kappa \theta +(\pi \cdot \nabla )\theta =0\), \( \partial _{3}\widetilde{P}_{n}+\sigma _{n}\theta =0\), \(\operatorname{div}_{H}v+\partial _{3}w=0\). Here, \(\kappa \), \(\sigma _{n}\) and \(\phi _{n}\) are assigned maps, \( v=(v^{k})_{k=1,2}:[0,\infty )\times \Omega \times \mathcal{O}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}^{2}\) denotes the horizontal component of the unknown velocity field \(u=(v,w)\) and \(w:[0,\infty )\times \Omega \times \mathcal{O} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}\) the vertical one, \(P:[0,\infty )\times \Omega \times \mathcal{O}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}\) the unknown pressure, \(\widetilde{P} _{n}:[0,\infty )\times \Omega \times \mathcal{O}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}\) the components of the unknown turbulent pressure, \(\theta :[0,\infty )\times \Omega \times \mathcal{O}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}\) the unknown temperature, \( (\beta _{t}^{n}:t\geq 0)_{n\geq 1}\) is a sequence of independent standard Brownian motions on \((\Omega ,\mathcal{A},(\mathcal{F}_{t})_{t\geq 0}, \mathbf{P})\), and \((Fv,F_{\theta },G_{v,n},G_{\theta ,n})\) are given maps. The initial conditions \(v(0,\cdot )=v_{0}\), \(\theta (0,\cdot )=\theta _{0}\) and the boundary conditions: \(\partial _{3}v(\cdot ,-h)=\partial _{3}v(\cdot ,0)=0\), \(\partial _{3}\theta (\cdot ,-h)=\partial _{3}\theta (\cdot ,0)+\alpha \theta (\cdot ,0)=0\) and \(w(\cdot ,-h)=w(\cdot ,0)=0\) are imposed on \(\mathbb{T}^{2}\), where \(\alpha \in \mathbb{R}\) is given. The authors first indicate how they derive these primitive equations from the Navier-Stokes equations through suitable stochastic variants of the Boussinesq equations and hydrostatic approximations. They introduce the Helmholtz projection \(\mathbb{P}_{\mathbb{H}}\) on the horizontal variables \( x_{\mathbb{H}}\in \mathbb{T}^{2}\), and they rewrite the above problem. They define the notions of \(L^{2}\)-local, maximal and global strong solutions. The purpose of the paper is to prove the global well-posedness of the problem in the strong setting (both analytically and probabilistically). Under different hypotheses on the data, the authors indeed prove the existence of a unique global strong solution \((v,\theta )\in L_{loc}^{2}([0,\infty );\mathbb{H}_{N}^{2}(\mathcal{O})\times H_{R}^{2}( \mathcal{O}))\cap C([0,\infty );\mathbb{H}^{1}(\mathcal{O})\times H^{1}( \mathcal{O}))\) a.s. to the problem. For the proof, the authors first prove the existence of a unique \(L^{2}\)-maximal strong solution and they propose a blow-up criterion. They here use an abstract framework for a stochastic evolution equation in a Banach space and they establish a stochastic maximal \(L^{2}\)-regularity result. Under stronger hypotheses, they prove the existence of a unique \(L^{2}\)-global strong solution and a continuous dependence on the initial data (with convergence in probability). They here prove an energy estimate for maximal solutions and use a localization argument of solutions to stochastic evolution equations. The paper ends with an analysis of the case of primitive equations where the noise is understood in Stratonovich formulation. The authors prove the global well-posedness of this problem.