Markov set-valued functions on finite graphs and their generalized inverse limits (Q6982138)

Markov maps on closed intervals often appear in the theory of one-dimensional discrete dynamical systems. There are many generalizations of Markov maps on closed intervals. In [Bull. Malays. Math. Sci. Soc. (2) 39, No. 2, 839--848 (2016; Zbl 1339.54014)], \textit{I. Banič} and \textit{T. Lunder} generalized the notion of Markov interval maps to upper semi-continuous set-valued functions that can have interval values on Markov partitions, which are called generalized Markov interval functions. They also defined the same pattern between generalized Markov maps and generalized Holte's theorem [\textit{S. E. Holte}, Topology Appl. 123, No. 3, 421--427 (2002; Zbl 1010.37020)], showing that the same pattern induces homeomorphic generalized inverse limits. Recently, research in this direction has been mainly done by \textit{L. Alvin} and \textit{J. P. Kelly} [Topology Appl. 241, 102--114 (2018; Zbl 1401.54016)], \textit{M. Črepnjak} and \textit{T. Kac} [Bull. Malays. Math. Sci. Soc. (2) 45, No. 5, 2151--2164 (2022; Zbl 1506.54012)], and \textit{I. Banič} et al. [Glas. Mat., III. Ser. 59, No. 1, 193--212 (2024; Zbl 1555.54019)]. Additionally, similar research has also been conducted by the first author [Topology Appl. 264, 175--186 (2019; Zbl 1472.54018)].\N\N\NIn this paper, the authors introduce Markov set-valued functions on finite graphs as a generalization of the definitions provided by Alvin and Kelly, Črepnjak and Kac, and the first author. Then they define the same pattern between Markov set-valued functions and show that any two generalized inverse limits with Markov set-valued bonding functions following the same pattern are homeomorphic. Consequently, they can generalize the results of Alvin, Kelly, Crepnjak, Kac, and the first author.