Three new \(q\)-supercongruences from Jackson's summation and Watson's transformation (Q6984075)

Inspired by the work of \textit{C. Wei} [J. Combin. Theory Ser. A 204, Article ID 105853 (2024; Zbl 1536.11008)], this paper supplies three new \(q\)-supercongruences modulo the fifth power of a cyclotomic polynomial. Namely, Letting \([n]=\left(1-q^{n}\right) /(1-q)\) be the \(q\)-integer, \((a;q)_{n}\) the \(q\)-shifted factorial, and \(\Phi_{n}(q)\) the \(n\)-th cyclotomic polynomial, the paper establishes modulo \(\Phi_{n}(q)^{5}\) that \N\begin{align*}\N\sum_{k=0}^{(n-1) / 4} & {[16 k+1] \frac{\left(q ; q^{8}\right)_{k}\left(q^{2} ; q^{8}\right)_{k}^{5}}{\left(q^{7} ; q^{8}\right)_{k}^{5}\left(q^{8} ; q^{8}\right)_{k}^{8 k}} q^{8 k} } \\\N& \equiv \frac{\left(q^{9} ; q^{8}\right)_{(n-1) / 4}\left(q^{5} ; q^{8}\right)_{(n-1) / 4}^{3}}{\left(q^{3} ; q^{8}\right)_{(n-1) / 4}\left(q^{7} ; q^{8}\right)_{(n-1) / 4}^{3}} \\\N& \times\left\{1+[2 n]^{2}\left(2-q^{2 n}\right) \sum_{j=1}^{(n-1) / 4}\left(\frac{q^{8 j-3}}{[8 j-3]^{2}}-\frac{q^{8 j-1}}{[8 j-1]^{2}}\right)\right\} \tag{1}\N\end{align*}\Nwhere \(n\) is a positive integer such that \(n \equiv 1 \pmod 8\).\N\NAnalogously, the authors prove that \N\begin{align*}\N\sum_{k=0}^{(n-1) / 4} & {[16 k+1] \frac{\left(q ; q^{8}\right)_{k}\left(q^{2} ; q^{8}\right)_{k}^{5}}{\left(q^{7} ; q^{8}\right)_{k}^{5}\left(q^{8} ; q^{8}\right)_{k}} q^{8 k} } \\\N& \equiv 5 \frac{\left(q^{9} ; q^{8}\right)_{(n-1) / 4}\left(q^{5} ; q^{8}\right)_{(n-1) / 4}^{3}}{\left(q^{3} ; q^{8}\right)_{(n-1) / 4}\left(q^{7} ; q^{8}\right)_{(n-1) / 4}^{3}} \pmod{\Phi_{n}(q)^{5}} \tag{2}\N\end{align*}\Nwhere \(n\) is a positive integer such that \(n \equiv 5 \pmod 8\).\N\NStill modulo \(\Phi_{n}(q)^{5}\), the authors find that \N\begin{align*}\N& \sum_{k=0}^{(n+1) / 4}[16 k-1] \frac{\left(q^{-1} ; q^{8}\right)_{k}\left(q^{-2} ; q^{8}\right)_{k}^{5}}{\left(q^{9} ; q^{8}\right)_{k}^{5}\left(q^{8} ; q^{8}\right)_{k}} q^{24 k} \\\N& \equiv-q^{(n-1) / 2} \frac{\left(q^{7}, q^{-5} ; q^{8}\right)_{(n+1) / 4}}{\left(q^{9}, q^{-3} ; q^{8}\right)_{(n+1) / 4}} \sum_{k=0}^{(n+1) / 4} \frac{\left(q^{11} ; q^{8}\right)_{k}\left(q^{-2} ; q^{8}\right)_{k}^{3}}{\left(q^{8}, q^{-5} ; q^{8}\right)_{k}\left(q^{9} ; q^{8}\right)_{k}^{2}} q^{8 k} \\\N& \quad \times\left\{1-[2 n]^{2}\left(2-q^{2 n}\right) \sum_{j=1}^{k}\left(\frac{q^{8 j-10}}{[8 j-10]^{2}}+\frac{q^{8 j+1}}{[8 j+1]^{2}}\right)\right\} \tag{3}\N\end{align*}\Nwhere \(n\) is a positive integer such that \(n>3\) and \(n \equiv 3 \pmod 4\).\N\NBeyond the Chinese remainder theorem for coprime polynomials, the L'Hôpital rule, and the ``creative microscoping'' method introduced by the first author and \textit {W. Zudilin} [Adv. Math. 346, 329--358 (2019; Zbl 1464.11028)], the proofs of theorems \((1)\) and \((2)\) employ the Jackson's \({}_8\phi _7\) summation, whereas theorem \((3)\) requires the Watson's \({}_8\phi _7\) transformation; both the hypergeometric tools are illustrated in Vol. No. 96 of the \textit {Encyclopedia of Mathematics and its Applications} [Basic hypergeometric series. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (2004; Zbl 1129.33005)].\N\NAs corollary, by using some fundamental properties of the \(p\)-adic Gamma function \(\Gamma_{p}\), the authors derive \N\[\N\sum_{k=0}^{(p-1) / 4}(16 k+1) \frac{\left(\frac{1}{8}\right)_{k}\left(\frac{1}{4}\right)_{k}^{5}}{k!\left(\frac{7}{8}\right)_{k}^{5}} \equiv-\frac{5 p^{3}}{64} \Gamma_{p}\left(\frac{7}{8}\right)^{6} \Gamma_{p}\left(\frac{3}{8}\right)^{10} \pmod{p^{5}} \tag{4}\N\]\Nwhere \(p\) is a prime such that \(p \equiv 5 \pmod 8\).\N\NThe supercongruence \((4)\) is related to a result of \textit {R. Barman} and \textit {N. Saikia} [Math. Proc. Camb. Philos. Soc. 168, No. 1, 171--195 (2020; Zbl 1509.11003)].