Archimedean representation theorem for modules over a commutative ring (Q7002550)

This paper presents a generalization of the classical Archimedean Representation Theorem from the setting of rings to modules over commutative rings.\N\NSuppose that \( G \) is a module over a ring \( A \), let \( M \subseteq G \), and let \( u \in M \). Define\N\[\NX_A(G, M, u) := \left\{ \Phi : G \to \mathbb{R} \,\middle|\, \begin{array}{l} \Phi \text{ is a group homomorphism, } \Phi|_M \geq 0,\, \Phi(u) = 1, \\\N\Phi(f \cdot s) = \Phi(f \cdot u)\Phi(s)\quad \forall f \in A,\, s \in G \end{array} \right\}.\N\]\NGiven \( s \in G \), we write \( s > 0 \) (resp. \( s \geq 0 \)) on \( X_A(G, M, u) \) if \( \Phi(s) > 0 \) (resp. \( \Phi(s) \geq 0 \)) for all \( \Phi \in X_A(G, M, u) \).\N\NThen the main theorem of the article is:\N\N{Theorem} Let \( G \) be a module over a ring \( A \), let \( M \subseteq G \) be a subsemimodule over an archimedean subsemiring \( S \) of \( A \), and let \( u \in M \) be an order unit of \( (G, M) \). Then, for each \( s \in G \) with \( s > 0 \) on \( X_A(G, M, u) \), there exists a positive integer \( n \) such that \( ns \in M \).\N\NThe author use this framework on matrix polynomials. This generalization can be use in examples like Pólya's and Handelman's Positivstellensätze, which are well-known results of polynomials, which become particular instances of the more extensive module-based approach.