Bounds on spectral gaps of hyperbolic spin surfaces (Q7035571)

The authors obtain upper bounds for the first non-zero eigenvalues of the Laplace and Dirac operators on compact hyperbolic surfaces and orbifolds with spin structures associated to cocompact Fuchsian groups \(\Gamma\). Three special cases are considered in detail including the Bolza surface of genus 2 with fundamental domain an octagon in the Poincaré unit disk.\N\NTheorem 1.1 says that for a compact orientable hyperbolic spin orbifold the smallest non-zero eigenvalue \(\lambda_{1}^{(0)}\) of the\ hyperbolic Laplacian \(\Delta\) satisfies\N\[\N\lambda_{1}^{(0)}<12.137980.\N\]\NTheorem 1.3 says that if the compact orientable hyperbolic spin orbifold admits a harmonic spinor, then\N\[\N\lambda_{1}^{(0)}<4.763782.\N\]\NTheorem 1.5 says that if a compact orientable hyperbolic spin orbifold satisfies \(\lambda_{1}^{(0)}>1.5\), then the lowest non-zero positive eigenvalue \(t_{1}^{(\frac12)}\) of the Dirac operator satisfies\N\[\N\lambda_{1}^{(\frac12)}=\frac14+\left( t_{1}^{(\frac12)}\right) ^{2}<55.9.\N\]\NTable 3 gives upper and lower bounds for \(\lambda_{1}^{(0)}\) and \(\lambda_{1}^{(\frac12)}\) on various surfaces and orbifolds. The Bolza surface has 16 different spin structures but only 3 different Dirac spectra. For the Bolza surface the table puts \(\lambda_{1}^{(0)}\) in the interval\N\[\N\lbrack3.838886940769,3.842772834639].\N\]\NThis should be compared with the estimate\N\[\N\lambda_{1}^{(0)}\approx3.8388872588421995185866224504354645970819150157\N\]\Nin [\textit{A. Strohmaier} and \textit{V. Uski}, Commun. Math. Phys. 317, No. 3, 827--869 (2013; Zbl 1261.65113); ibid. 359, No. 1, 427--427 (2018; Zbl 1430.65007)].\N\NThe basic idea is to use the Selberg trace formula and bootstrap methods.