Carleman parabola and the eigenvalues of elliptic operators (Q721884)

The paper is focused on the eigenvalue problem \[ Lw(x)+\lambda w(x)=0,\,\,\,x=(x_1,\ldots,x_n)\in \Omega,\,\,\,w(x)=0,\,\,\,x\in\partial \Omega,\leqno(1) \] where \(\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^n\) is a bounded domain with boundary \(\partial\Omega\in C^2\), and the uniformly elliptic operator \(L\) has the form \[ Lw=\displaystyle\sum_{i,j=1}^n\displaystyle\frac{\partial}{\partial x_i}\left(a_{ij}(x)\displaystyle\frac{\partial w}{\partial x_j}\right)+\displaystyle\sum_{i=1}^n b_i(x)\displaystyle\frac{\partial w}{\partial x_i}+c(x)w. \] The author proves that all eigenvalues \(\lambda=\alpha+i\beta\) of problem (1) and of other more general spectral boundary value problems for the elliptic operator \(L\) lie in the set \({\mathcal D}_0\subset \mathbb{C}_{\lambda}\) defined by \[ {\mathcal D}_0=\begin{cases} \alpha\geq \frac{\nu}{b^2}\beta^2-|\beta|+q,\text{ if }|\beta|\geq \frac{b^2}{2\nu},\\ \alpha\geq q-\frac{b^2}{4\nu},\text{ if }|\beta|\leq \frac{b^2}{2\nu}. \end{cases} \] Some examples which illustrate the ''asymptotic accuracy'' of the set \({\mathcal D}_0\) are then presented. An example of nonunique solvability of a linear inverse problem for a parabolic equation is also given.