Property \(R_{\infty}\) for groups with infinitely many ends (Q7227682)

A group \(G\) is said to have property \(R_\infty\) if for every automorphism \(\varphi \in \mathrm{Aut}(G)\) the set of \(\varphi\)-twisted conjugacy classes in \(G\) is infinite.\N\NThe paper studies this property for groups admitting splittings over finite subgroups. Its main result shows that every accessible group with infinitely many ends has property \(R_\infty\). In particular, every finitely presented group with infinitely many ends has property \(R_\infty\) and it is deduced that this property is undecidable among finitely presented groups.\N\NThe approach relies on translating twisted conjugacy into ordinary conjugacy in the mapping torus, together with the use of actions on trees and translation length functions. The case of free products is treated first using train track methods and then extended to accessible groups with infinitely many ends via the tree of cylinders construction. The paper also establishes that a non-elementary finitely presented relatively hyperbolic group with finitely generated peripheral subgroups which are not relatively hyperbolic has property \(R_\infty\).\N\NAn appendix develops a complementary approach via quasimorphisms, leading to further classes of groups with property \(R_\infty\).