Polarization and isogenies (Q742560)

Let \(k\) be a number field and \(A\) an abelian variety over \(k\) of dimension \(g\geq 1\). Let \(\alpha(g)=2^{10}g^3\) and let \(\kappa(A)=\left((14g)^{64g^2}[k:\mathbb{Q}]\max(h_F(A), \log[k:\mathbb{Z}],1)^2\right)^{\alpha(g)}\), where \(h_F(A)\) denote the stable Faltings height of \(A\) with the original normalization by Faltings. The first main result of this paper shows that there exists a symmetric ample invertible sheaf \(\mathcal{L}\) defined over \(k\) such that \(\deg_{\mathcal{L}}A\leq\kappa(A)\). As for the second main result, the authors introduce the notation \(\varphi:A\rightleftharpoons A'\) to denote a couple of isogenies \(\varphi_1:A\rightarrow A'\) and \(\varphi_2:A'\rightarrow A\) and put \(\deg\varphi=\max\{\deg\varphi_1, \deg\varphi_2\}\). They show that there exists a number field \(k'\) containing \(k\) and an isogeny decomposition \(\varphi:A_{k'}\rightleftharpoons \prod_{i=1}^tA_i^{n_i}\) into the product of simple abelian varieties such that the order \(\mathrm{End}_{k'}(A_i)\) for any \(i\) is maximal in \(\mathrm{End}_{k'}(A_i)\otimes\mathbb{Q}\) with \(\deg\varphi\leq\kappa(A)\) and \([k':k]\leq\kappa(A)^g\). The third main result concerns the existence of a complement of an abelian subvariety. It shows that, if \(K\) is an extension of \(k\) and \(B\) is an abelian subvariety of \(A\) defined over \(K\), then there exists an abelian subvariety \(B_1\) of \(A\) defined over \(K\) such that \(A=B+B_1\) and \(\mathrm{Card}(B\cap B_1)\leq\kappa(A)\). A large part of their proof employs arguments about the geometry of numbers for \(\mathbb{Z}\)-modules of the form \(\mathrm{Hom}_K(A,B)\), with abelian varieties \(A\) and \(B\) over a field \(K\). In order to define a structure of Euclidean lattice on such a module, they generalize the classical Rosati involution on the endomorphism ring.