Singularities of bi-Hamiltonian systems (Q742863)

Integrability of many systems in geometry and mechanics is related to their bi-Hamiltonian techniques. To show that this method is extremely effective in the study of singularities of integrable systems, the authors define for two compatible Poisson brackets \(P_0\) and \(P_\infty\) a Kronecker Poisson pencil as \[ \Pi = \{ P_\lambda = P_0 + \lambda P_\infty, \quad \lambda \in \bar{\mathbb C} \} \] and its spectrum \( \Lambda (x) = \{ \lambda \in \bar{\mathbb C} ; \mathrm{rank}(P_\lambda(x)) \leq \mathrm{rank}(\Pi(x)) \}\). Giving some classification for singularities associated with integrable linear pencils, they prove that the Lagrangian fibration of a bi-Hamiltonian system is locally symplectomorphic to the direct product of the Lagrangian fibrations of its \(\lambda\)-linearizations and a trivial fibration. In order to give an example, they show that the singularities of the Toda lattice are defined by the geometry of the corresponding quadratic Poisson bracket.