On the existence and stability of 2-D perturbed steady subsonic circulatory flows (Q763627)

The authors consider the global existence and stability of a perturbed subsonic circulatory flow in a two-dimensional exterior domain. The system to be solved is the two-dimensional Euler system for a steady isentropic irrotational flow given by \[ \operatorname {div}\, \rho\vec u=0, \qquad\operatorname {rot}\;\vec u=0, \qquad\operatorname {div}(\rho\vec u\otimes \rho\vec u)+\nabla P=0, \] where the density is \(\rho\), the velocity is \(\vec u=(u_1,u_2)\) and the (polytropic) pressure is \(P=A\rho^{\gamma}\). The solution is searched in the exterior of the perturbed disk \(D:=\{x\;:\;|x|>1+b(x)\},\) where \(\text{supp}\;b\subset\left\{x\;:\;\frac{1}{2}\leq |x|\leq \frac{3}{2}\right\}\), with \(\|b\|_{C^{2,\alpha}\left({\mathbb R}^2\right)}\leq \varepsilon\), for some \(\alpha\in(0,1)\) and \(\varepsilon\in(0,1)\). On the boundary, a non-slip condition is prescribed \(\vec u\cdot\vec n=0\;\;\text{on}\;\partial D\), and a zero velocity field is prescribed at infinity. Observing that the system enjoys a conserved quantity (the Bernoulli's constant) \[ B=\frac{1}{2}|\vec u|^2+\frac{\gamma}{\gamma-1}\;\frac{P}{\rho}, \] it can be reformulated by introducing the stream function \(\phi\) satisfying \(\nabla\phi=\left(-u_2,u_1\right)\), with \(\phi=0\) on \(\partial D\), and the previous system reads \[ \text{div}\left(\frac{1}{ \rho}\nabla\phi\right)=0, \frac{1}{2}|\nabla\phi|^2+\frac{\gamma}{\gamma-1}\;\frac{P}{\rho}=B\rho^2, \] and \[ \lim_{|x|\rightarrow \infty}\frac{\phi(x)}{\log x}=\left(\frac{\gamma-1}{A\gamma}B\right)^{\frac{1}{\gamma-1}}. \] The following result is then obtained: ``There exists a small constant \(\varepsilon_0>0\) depending on \(B\) such that for any \(\varepsilon<\varepsilon_0\), the problem has a unique circulatory subsonic solution \((\phi,\rho)\in C^{2,\alpha}(\overline{D})\times C^{1,\alpha}(\overline{D})\). Moreover \(|\nabla(\phi-\phi_0)|\) and \(|\rho-\rho_0|\) tend to zero as \(|x|\rightarrow \infty\) with rates \(|x|^{-2}\) and \(|x|^{-3}\) respectively, and the velocity satisfies \(|\vec u|\rightarrow (0,0)\) when \(|x|\rightarrow \infty\).'' The proof consists in showing that the solution can be first constructed for the circular boundary \(D_0\) corresponding to \(b=0\), and then that a solution exists in the domain \(D\) for small \(b\).