Asymptotic behavior of solutions to the semilinear wave equation with time-dependent damping (Q763998)

In this article is considered the Cauchy problem for the semilinear wave equation with time - dependent damping \[ \begin{aligned} u_{tt}-\Delta u+b(t) u_t=f(u),\quad (t, x)\in {\mathbb R}^+\times {\mathbb R}^N,\\ u(0, x)=u_0(x), u_t(0, x)=u_1(x),\quad x\in {\mathbb R}^N, \end{aligned} \tag{1} \] where the coefficient of damping \(b(t)=b_0(1+t)^{-\beta}\), \(0\leq \beta<1\), \(b_0\) is a positive constant and the sourcing semilinear term \(f(u)=\pm |u|^{\rho}\) or \(f(u)=|u|^{\rho-1}u\), \(\rho\in (1, \infty)\) for \(N=1, 2\), and \(\rho\in \Bigl(1, {{N+2}\over {N-2}}\Bigr)\) for \(N\geq 3\), \((u_0, u_1)\in H^1\times L^2\), \(\mathrm{supp}\{u_0, u_1\}\subset \{x; |x|\leq L\}\) for some positive constant \(L\). In the case when \(f\) is continuous function for which \(|f(u)|=O(|u|^{\rho})\) in the neighborhood of \(u=0\) and \[ I_0^2:=\int_{\mathbb R}^{N}e^{{(1+\beta)|x|^2}\over {2(2+\delta)}}\Bigl(|u_1|^2+|\nabla u_0|^2+|u_0|^{\rho+1}\Bigr) dx \] is sufficiently small with some small \(\delta>0\), the author proves that, if \(\rho\in \Bigl(1+{2\over N}, {{N+2}\over {[N-2]_+}}\Bigr)\), problem \((1)\) has a unique global solution \(u\in {\mathcal C}([0, \infty); H^1)\cap {\mathcal C}^1([0, \infty); L^2)\) for which \[ ||u(t, \cdot)||_{L^2}\leq C(\delta)I_0(t+1)^{-{{(1+\beta)N}\over 4}+{{\epsilon}\over 2}} , \] \[ ||(u_t, \nabla u)(t, \cdot)||_{L^2}\leq C(\delta)I_0(t+1)^{-{(1+\beta)(N+2)\over 4}+{{\epsilon}\over 2}} \] for some small \(\epsilon=\epsilon(\delta)>0\) and large \(C(\delta)>0\) with \(\epsilon(\delta)\longrightarrow 0\) and \(C(\delta)\longrightarrow \infty\) as \(\delta\longrightarrow 0\). When \(f(u)=|u|^{\rho}\), \(1+{{2\beta}\over N}\leq \rho\leq 1+{{1+\beta}\over N}\) and \(\rho>1\) when \(\beta=0\), and \(\int_{\mathbb R}^{N}u_i(x) dx\geq 0\), \(i=0, 1\), \(\int_{\mathbb R}^{N}(u_0+u_1)(x)dx>0\), it is proved that the solution \(u\in {\mathcal C}([0, T); H^1)\cap {\mathcal C}^1([0, T); L^2)\) of problem \((1)\) does not exist globally. The author considers the case \(f(u)=|u|^{\rho-1}u\), \(1+{{4\beta}\over N}\leq \rho\leq 1+{{2(1+\beta)}\over N}\), \(\rho>1\) if \(\beta=0\), \({1\over 2}\Bigl(||u_1||_{L^2}^2+||\nabla u||_{L^2}^2\Bigr)-{1\over {\rho+1}}||u_0||_{L^{\rho+1}}^{\rho+1}\leq 0\), \(\int_{\mathbb R}^{N} (u_0 u_1)(x) dx\geq 0\), \(\int_{\mathbb R}^{N}[u_0(u_0+u_1)](x)dx>0\), and it is proved that the solution \(u\in {\mathcal C}([0, T); H^1)\cap {\mathcal C}^1([0, T); L^2)\) of problem \((1)\) does not exist globally.