Stable and unstable manifolds for hyperbolic bi-semigroups (Q765934)

In Banach spaces \(\mathbb {X}\) and \(\mathbb {Y}\) the system \[ \dot{x}=Lx+f(z),\quad \dot{y}=Ry+g(z),\quad z=z(x,y)\in \mathbb {X}\times\mathbb {Y}=\mathbb {Z} \tag{1} \] is investigated, where \(L\) and \(R\) are the infinitesimal generators of \(C^0\) semigroups \(\{\mathcal{L}(t)|t \geq 0\}\) and \(\{\mathcal{R}(-t) | t \geq 0\}\) respectively. In such a case, it is said that \(G=(L,R)\) is the infinitesimal generator of a \(C^0\) bi-semigroup \(\mathcal{G}=(\mathcal{L},\mathcal{R})\). Here for the relevant linear system, given any \(\widetilde{z}=(x_1,y_2)\) and any time segment \(t_1\leq t \leq t_2\), the solution \(\mathcal{G}(t_1,t_2;t)\widetilde{z}=(\mathcal{L}(t-t_1)x_1,\mathcal{R}(t-t_2)y_2)\), \(t_1\leq t \leq t_2\) is defined. The bi-semigroup \(\mathcal{G}\) is called hyperbolic, when \(\mathcal{L}(t)\) and \(\mathcal{R}(t)\) decay exponentially as \(t \to \infty\) and \(t \to -\infty\) respectively. The basic result of the article consists in the existence of local Lipschitzian stable and unstable manifolds for the ill-posed problems (1) with hyperbolic bi-semigroup \(\mathcal{G}\) without assumption on backward or forward uniqueness of solutions, global smallness conditions on the nonlinearities and other hypothesis generally accepted in the literature. The Conley-McGehee-Moeckel method [\textit{R. McGehee}, J. Differ. Equations 14, 70--88 (1973; Zbl 0264.70007)] is modified to deal with the fact that both the stable and unstable directions are infinite dimensional. The obtained results are applied to the elliptic system \(u_{\xi \xi}+\bigtriangleup u =g(u,u_{\xi})\) in an infinite cylinder \(\mathbb{R}\times \Omega\).