Shuffle quadri-algebras and concatenation (Q776412)

A quadri-algebra has four products (northwest, northeast, southeast, southwest), satisfying nine axioms, such that the sum of these four products is associative. It is also possible to sum these products two by two, and this gives two dendriform structures on it: north-south, and east-west. A classical example of quadri-algebra is given by the shuffle Hopf algebra, where the shuffle products is cut into four according to the first and the last letter of the words. This paper studies the relation between these four products and the concatenation product. Formulas are given for the action of the four quadri products on a concatenation of words, which imply by summation formulas for the action of the dendriform products on a concatenation and finally for the action of the shuffle product on a concatenation. It is also proved that the south and the east products define two module-algebras over the shuffle algebra on its augmentation ideal. For the entire collection see [Zbl 1437.05003].