New identities in dendriform algebras (Q947492)

A dendriform algebra over a field \(k\) is a \(k\)-vector space \(A\) endowed with two bilinear operations \(\prec\) and \(\succ\) subject to the three axioms \[ \begin{aligned} (a\prec b)\prec c&=a \prec (b*c),\\ (a\succ b)\prec c&=a \succ (b\prec c),\\ a\succ (b\succ c)&= (a * b)\succ c, \end{aligned} \] where \(a*b=a{\prec} b+a{\succ} b\); the identities above imply that the product \(*\) is associative; thus the associative product \(*\) is presented as a sum of two new operations. This notion was introduced in [\textit{J.-L. Loday}, Dialgebras. Dialgebras and related operads. Berlin: Springer. Lect. Notes Math. 1763, 7--66 (2001; Zbl 0999.17002)]. Dendriform structures arise naturally in algebraic combinatorics (where they allow, for example, the splitting of the shuffle product into two pieces) and through Rota-Baxter algebra structures (the latter appear, among others, in differential systems and in the renormalization process of pQFT). The authors prove new combinatorial identities in dendriform algebras that appear to be strongly related to classical phenomena, such as the combinatorics of Lyndon words, rewriting rules in Lie algebras, or the fine structure of the Malvenuto-Reutenauer algebra. One of these identities is an abstract noncommutative, dendriform, generalization of the Bohnenblust-Spitzer identity and of an identity involving iterated Chen integrals due to C. S. Lam.