On densely isomorphic normed spaces (Q785876)

Two normed spaces \(X\) and \(Y\) are said to be densely isomorphic if there exist dense subspaces \(X_0\) of \(X\) and \(Y_0\) of \(Y\) such that \(X_0\) and \(Y_0\) are linearly isomorphic. Two Banach spaces are densely isomorphic precisely when they are isomorphic. It is observed that, if \(X\) is a separable Banach space and \(Y, Z\) are two dense subspaces of \(X\), then \(Y\) and \(Z\) are densely isomorphic (Theorem 2.1). The aim of the paper under review is to investigate the same problem in the non-separable context, focusing on the class of weakly Lindelöf determined (WLD) Banach spaces. The main results obtained by the authors can be summarized in the following list. \begin{itemize} \item Every non-separable WLD Banach space contains two dense subspaces that are not densely isomorphic (Theorem~A). The proof of this result is contained in Section~3 and it is achieved in two steps. Firstly, the result is proved for non-separable Banach spaces with small density character. Then, the existence of a suitable projection ensures the validity of the result in the general setting. \item In Section~4 it is proved, under the continuum hypothesis, that every WLD Banach space \(X\) of density character \(\omega_1\) admits a dense subspace \(Y\) which has no uncountable biorthogonal system (Theorem~B). This result provides an alternative proof of Theorem~A in the case of density character \(\omega_1\). More precisely, the subspace \(Y\) and the linear hull of a Markushevich basis of \(X\) are not densely isomorphic (Lemma~4.5). \item Section 5 deals with Banach spaces with large densities. It is proved, among other results, that every dense subspace \(Y\) of a WLD Banach space \(X\) whose density character is equal to \(\mathfrak{c}^+\) (where \(\mathfrak{c}^+\) is the successor of the continuum) contains a biorthogonal system of cardinality \(\mathfrak{c}^+\) (Theorem~C). \end{itemize} It is worth mentioning that, if \(X=\ell_1(\Gamma)\) and \(Y,Z\) are two dense subspaces of \(X\), then \(Y\) and \(Z\) are densely isomorphic (Theorem 2.4). It is not known whether the same holds for \(X=\ell_\infty\).