Pseudo regular elements and the auxiliary multiplication they induce (Q811637)

In ``Pseudo regular elements in a normed ring'', Pac. J. Math. (1991), \textit{R. F. Arens} defines an element \(f\) of a commutative Banach algebra \({\mathfrak A}\) to be pseudo regular if there is a constant \(M\) with \(\| abf\|\leq M\| af\|\| bf\|\) for all \(a\), \(b\) in \({\mathfrak A}\). In many cases pseudo regularity implies other formally stronger conditions such as relative invertibility, that is \(f\) is invertible in some subalgebra of \({\mathfrak A}\). In this paper some algebraic methods are described which allow results of this kind in Aren's paper to be extended. Given a pseudo regular element \(f\) of \({\mathfrak A}\), define the auxiliary multiplication \(\circ\) on \(J\), the closed ideal generated by \(f\), as the extension of the product \(af\circ bf=abf\). This leads to the fundamental inequality \(\|\phi\|_{J^*}\leq M|\phi(f)|\) for the norm of the restriction of a multiplicative linear functional \(\phi\) on \({\mathfrak A}\) to \(J\). Using these results it is shown that, in the group algebra of a locally compact abelian group, every pseudo regular element is relatively invertible and that anelement \(f\) on \(C^{(n)}[0,1]\) is pseudo regular if and only if \(f,f',\dots,f^{(n)}\) have no common zeros. These arguments are extended to some extent to the case where \(f\in{\mathcal X}\), a Banach \({\mathfrak A}\)-module, in particular to the case \(f\in{\mathfrak A}^ n\), though the results are less complete here and it is not known whether the characterization of pseudo regular elements of a group algebra \({\mathfrak A}\) described above can be extended to the case of a pseudo regular element of \({\mathfrak A}^ n\).