A unified proof of the weakened Hilbert 16th problem for \(n=2\) (Q817590)

The paper focuses on the weakened Hilbert's 16th problem which is closely related to the least upper bound of the number of zeros \(Z(n)\) of the Abelian integral, where \(n\) is the degree of the corresponding polynomial perturbed Hamiltonian system. It is known that for \(n=2\) this problem was completely solved (\(Z(2)=2\)) by using different methods for different cases. Therefore, the authors present a unified approach for all cases restricted to the real domain, combining geometric and analytical methods.