An embedding, an extension, and an interpolation of ultrametrics (Q826038)

The author finds ultrametric analogs of some theorems known in the theory of general metric spaces. The obtained results are new and interesting. In particular, the author presents ultrametric versions of the Arens-Eells isometric embedding theorem, Hausdorff's extension of metrics, the Niemytzki-Tychonoff characterization of compactness, and some theorems on dense subsets of metrics and interpolation of metrics. Let us dwell in more detail on the compactness criterion obtained in the paper under review. The known Niemytzki-Tychonoff theorem claims that a metrizable topological space \((X, \tau)\) is compact if and only if every metric, compatible with \(\tau\), is complete [\textit{V. Niemytzki} and \textit{A. Tychonoff}, Fundam. Math. 12, 118--120 (1928; JFM 54.0625.02)]. For a set \(S \subseteq [0, \infty)\), and for a topological space \((X, \tau)\), the author denotes by \(\mathrm{UM}(X, S)\) the set of all ultrametrics on \(X\) that generate the same topology \(\tau\) and satisfy \(d(X^2) \subseteq S\). The set \(S\) has countable coinitiality if there exists a strictly decreasing sequence \(\{r_i\}_{i \in \mathbb{N}}\) in \(S\) with \(\lim_{i \to \infty} r_i = 0\). \textbf{Theorem.} \textit{Let \(S\) be a range set with countable coinitiality. Let \((X, \tau)\) be an ultrametrizable space. Then the space \((X, \tau)\) is compact if and only if \((X, d)\) is complete for every \(d \in \mathrm{UM}(X, S)\).} This theorem also leads to the following criterion: an ultrametrizable \((X, \tau)\) is compact if and only if every ultrametric, compatible with \(\tau\), is totally bounded [\textit{O. Dovgoshey} and \textit{V. Shcherbak}, Topology Appl. 305, Article ID 107899, 19 p. (2022; Zbl 1484.54026)].