An embedding, an extension, and an interpolation of ultrametrics

DOI10.1134/S2070046621020023MaRDI QIDQ826038zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 18 December 2021

Published in \(p\)-Adic Numbers, Ultrametric Analysis, and Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2008.10209

compactness extension of metrics interpolation of metrics ultrametric space

Metric spaces, metrizability (54E35) Compact (locally compact) metric spaces (54E45) Topological spaces of dimension (leq 1); curves, dendrites (54F50)

Abstract: The notion of the ultrametrics can be considered as a zero-dimensional analogue of ordinary metrics, and it is expected to prove ultrametric versions of theorems on metric spaces. In this paper, we provide ultrametric versions of the Arens--Eells isometric embedding theorem of metric spaces, the Hausdorff extension theorem of metrics, the Niemytzki--Tychonoff characterization theorem of the compactness, and the author's interpolation theorem of metrics and theorems on dense subsets of spaces of metrics.

Review text

The author finds ultrametric analogs of some theorems known in the theory of general metric spaces. The obtained results are new and interesting. In particular, the author presents ultrametric versions of the Arens-Eells isometric embedding theorem, Hausdorff's extension of metrics, the Niemytzki-Tychonoff characterization of compactness, and some theorems on dense subsets of metrics and interpolation of metrics. Let us dwell in more detail on the compactness criterion obtained in the paper under review. The known Niemytzki-Tychonoff theorem claims that a metrizable topological space \((X, \tau)\) is compact if and only if every metric, compatible with \(\tau\), is complete [\textit{V. Niemytzki} and \textit{A. Tychonoff}, Fundam. Math. 12, 118--120 (1928; JFM 54.0625.02)]. For a set \(S \subseteq [0, \infty)\), and for a topological space \((X, \tau)\), the author denotes by \(\mathrm{UM}(X, S)\) the set of all ultrametrics on \(X\) that generate the same topology \(\tau\) and satisfy \(d(X^2) \subseteq S\). The set \(S\) has countable coinitiality if there exists a strictly decreasing sequence \(\{r_i\}_{i \in \mathbb{N}}\) in \(S\) with \(\lim_{i \to \infty} r_i = 0\). \textbf{Theorem.} \textit{Let \(S\) be a range set with countable coinitiality. Let \((X, \tau)\) be an ultrametrizable space. Then the space \((X, \tau)\) is compact if and only if \((X, d)\) is complete for every \(d \in \mathrm{UM}(X, S)\).} This theorem also leads to the following criterion: an ultrametrizable \((X, \tau)\) is compact if and only if every ultrametric, compatible with \(\tau\), is totally bounded [\textit{O. Dovgoshey} and \textit{V. Shcherbak}, Topology Appl. 305, Article ID 107899, 19 p. (2022; Zbl 1484.54026)].

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