The algebraic and geometric classification of nilpotent bicommutative algebras (Q829542)

The algebra \(A\) is bicommutative if it satisfies the identities of left- and right-commutativity \[ x(yz) = y(xz)\text{ and } (xy)z = (xz)y. \] In the paper under review the authors classify the complex 4-dimensional nilpotent bicommutative algebras. The classification is from two point of view: algebraic and geometric. The algebraic classification presents a list of 22 algebras and two one-parameter families which are pairwise non-isomorphic and not nilpotent of class 3 (i.e. \(a(bc)\) or \((ab)c\) is not zero for some \(a,b,c\in A\)). (The list of non-isomorphic 4-dimensional algebras which are nilpotent of class 3 can be found in [\textit{I. Demir} et al., Commun. Algebra 45, No. 3, 1012--1018 (2017; Zbl 1418.17007)].) In the geometric approach one considers the 4-dimensional vector space \(\mathbb V\) with basis \(\{e_1,e_2,e_3,e_4\}\). Then one identifies the 4-dimensional algebra \(A\) with \(\mu\in\text{Hom}({\mathbb V}\otimes{\mathbb V},{\mathbb V})\) such that \(\mu(e_i\otimes e_j)=e_ie_j\). The multiplication table \(e_ie_j=\sum_{k=1}^4c_{ij}^ke_k\) of \(A\) can be identified with a point of \({\mathbb C}^{4^3}\) and hence \(\text{Hom}({\mathbb V}\otimes{\mathbb V},{\mathbb V})\) has a structure of the affine variety \({\mathbb C}^{4^3}\). The left- and right-commutativity define equations on the points of \({\mathbb C}^{4^3}\) and the class of bicommutative algebras corresponds to a Zariski-closed subset of \(\text{Hom}({\mathbb V}\otimes{\mathbb V},{\mathbb V})\). The canonical action of \(\text{GL}_4({\mathbb C})\) on \(\mathbb V\) induces an action of \(\text{Hom}({\mathbb V}\otimes{\mathbb V},{\mathbb V})\) and the orbits in \(\text{Hom}({\mathbb V}\otimes{\mathbb V},{\mathbb V})\) correspond to isomorphic classes of algebras. The main result in this direction is that the variety of 4-dimensional nilpotent bicommutative algebras has two irreducible components defined by the rigid algebra \({\mathcal B}^4_{10}\) and the infinite family of algebras \({\mathcal B}^4_{24}(\alpha)\), \(\alpha\not=0,1\) with non-zero products of the basis elements \[ e_1e_2 = e_3, e_1e_3 = e_4, e_2e_1 = e_4, e_3e_2 = e_4\text{ for }{\mathcal B}^4_{10}, \] \[ e_1e_1=e_2,e_1e_2 = e_3, e_1e_3 = e_4, e_2e_1 =\alpha e_3, e_2e_2 = \alpha e_4, e_3e_1 = \alpha e_4\text{ for }{\mathcal B}^4_{24}(\alpha). \]