The generalized Verschiebung map for curves of genus 2 (Q863411)

Let \(C\) be a smooth projective curve of genus \(2\) over an algebraically closed field \(k\) of characteristic \(>2\). Denote by \(M_2(C)\) the moduli space of vector bundles of rank \(2\) with trivial determinant on \(C\). Pulling back by the Frobenius defines the generalized Verschiebung map, a rational map \(V_2\) from \(M_2(C^p)\) to \(M_2(C)\). The map is not defined precisely on the locus \(B\) corresponding to Frobenius-unstable vector bundles. The author assumes that \(B\) consists of \(\delta\) reduced points. Note that such an assumption holds if \(C\) is a general curve. Theorem. (1) By a single blow up at each \(b\in B\), the rational map \(V_2\) can be extended to a morphism of degree \(p^3 - \delta\). (2) The exceptional divisor \(E_b\) at \(b\in B\) maps bijectively to \({\mathbb P}(\) Ext\(^1(L,L^{-1}))\subset M_2(C), \, L\) being a theta characteristic destabilizing the Frobenius pull back of the vector bundle corresponding to \(b\). As an application, the author deduces that if \(C\) is general, then \(V_2\) has degree \((p^3+2p)/3\). Recently, H. Lange and C. Pauly have obtained the result by different methods. In some cases in characteristic \(2\) and \(3\), \textit{Y. Laszlo} and \textit{C. Pauly} have given explicit polynomials giving \(V_2\), note that \(M_2(C) \cong {\mathbb P}^3\) [J. Algebr. Geom. 11, No. 2, 219--243 (2002; Zbl 1080.14527); Adv. Math. 185, No. 2, 246--269 (2004; Zbl 1055.14038)].