Painlevé VI, rigid tops and reflection equation (Q882983)

The Painlevé VI (P\(_{\text{VI}})\) was discovered by B. Gambier (1906) and has many applications in theoretical and mathematical physics. Here it is proved that P\(_{\text{VI}})\) can be written in a simple form as ODE with quadratic nonlinearity which is the nonautonomous version of the SL\((2,\mathbb{C})\) Zhukovsky-Volterra gyrostat (ZVG) [\textit{N. E. Zhukovsky}, J. Phys. Chem. Soc. 17, 81--113, 145--199, 231--280 (1885); \textit{V. Volterra}, Acta Math. 22, 201--296 (1898; JFM 29.0650.01)]. The ZVG generalizes the standard Euler top in the space \(\mathbb{C}^3\) by adding an external constant rotator momentum. It describes the evolution of the momentum vector \(\bar{S}=(S_1,S_2,S_3)\) lying on a SL\((2,\mathbb{C})\) coadjoint orbit. The quantization of its autonomous version is achieved by the reflection equation with quadratic algebra generalizing the Sklyanin algebra. As result by product the integrable \(XYZ\) spin chain on a finite lattice with new boundary conditions is determined.