Sharp decay estimates and smoothness for solutions to nonlocal semilinear equations (Q887682)

Let \(F:\mathbb{C}\rightarrow \mathbb{C}\) be a measurable function and let \(p>1\) such that, for every compact set \(K\subset \mathbb{C}\), there exists \(C_K>0\) such that \(|F(u)|\leq C_K |u|^{p}\), for all \(u\in K\). Moreover, let \(p(\xi)=p_0+\sum_{j=1}^h p_{m_j}(\xi)\), for all \(\xi \in \mathbb{R}^d\), where \(p_0\in \mathbb{C}\) and \(p_{m_j}\in C^\infty(\mathbb{R}^d\setminus\{0\})\) are positively homogeneous functions of degree \(m_j\), with \(0<m_1<\dots<m_h\), and assume that \(p\) satisfies the condition \(\inf_{\xi \in \mathbb{R}} |p(\xi)|/(1+|\xi|^2)^{\frac{m_h}{2}}>0\) and that there exists at least a \(p_{m_j}\) which is not smooth at \(\xi=0\). The authors consider the following semilinear differential equation \[ p(D)u=F(u), \tag{1} \] where the differential operator \(p(D)\) is the Fourier multiplier with symbol \(p\). The authors establish some decay estimates and some regularity results for distribution solutions to equation \((1)\). In particular, under the above assumptions, the authors prove that if \(u\) is a distribution solution to equation (1) satisfying \((1+x^2)^{-\frac{\epsilon_0}{2}}u\in L^\infty(\mathbb{R}^d)\), for some \(\epsilon_0>0\), then \((1+x^2)^{-\frac{m+d}{2}}u\in L^\infty(\mathbb{R}^d)\), where \(m\) is the least degree \(m_j\) such that \(p_{m_j}\) is not smooth at \(\xi=0\). Moreover, if, in addiction, \(F\) is of class \(C^\infty\) with respect to the structure of \(\mathbb{C}\) as a real vector space, then \(u\) is of class \(C^\infty\) and \((1+x^2)^{-\frac{m+d+|\alpha|}{2}}\partial^{\alpha} u\in L^\infty(\mathbb{R}^d)\), for all \(\alpha\in \mathbb{N}^d\). From this \(L^\infty\)-decay estimate, the authors also derive the following \(L^p\)-decay estimate \((p\geq 1)\) \((1+x^2)^{-\frac{m+d(1-1/p)+|\alpha|-\epsilon}{2}}\partial^{\alpha} u\in L^p(\mathbb{R}^d)\), for all \(\epsilon>0\), \(\alpha\in \mathbb{N}^d\), which was obtained in [\textit{M. Cappiello} et al., Nagoya Math. J. 218, 175--198 (2015; Zbl 1359.35067)], under the stronger assumption \([m]>d/2\). Some examples show that the decay estimates established in this paper are sharp. Finally, the authors prove that a solution \(u\) to \((1)\) satisfying \((1+x^2)^{-\frac{\epsilon_0}{2}}u\in L^\infty(\mathbb{R}^d)\), for some \(\epsilon_0>0\), has a bounded holomorphic extension to a strip of the type \(\{x+iy\in \mathbb{C}^d: |y|<\epsilon\}\) provided that \(F\) is a polynomial in \(u,\bar{u}\) and \(F(0)=F'(0)=0\).