Enhanced binding of an \(N\)-particle system interacting with a scalar Bose field. I. (Q926250)

The eigenvector associated with the bottom of the spectrum of the self-adjoint operator \(H(\alpha)\) is called ``ground state''. ``Enhanced binding'' means that the Hamiltonian \(H(\alpha)= H_0+\alpha H_1\) has ground states for sufficiently large \(\alpha\), however \(H_0\) does not necessarily have ground states. \(H_p:= \sum_{j=1\sim N}(-\Delta_j/2m_j+ V_j)\), \(N\geq 2\). \(H_f:= \int\omega(k)a^*(k) a(k)\,dt\), \[ H_1: \sum_{j=1\sim N}\alpha_j \int^\oplus_{R^{dN}} \phi_j(x_j)\,dx, \] and \(H_0:= H_p\otimes 1+ 1\otimes H_f\). The authors treat the Nelson model \(H= H_0+ H_1\), which describes an \(N\)-particle system linearly coupled to a scalar bose field. They introduce a scaling in the model \(H\) as \(H(\kappa)= H_0\otimes 1+\kappa^2 1\otimes H_f+ \kappa H_2\), \(\kappa> 0\). \(T := \exp(-i\sum_{j=1\sim N}\alpha_j\pi_j/\kappa)\). Transform \(T^{-1} H(\kappa)T= H_{\text{eff}}\otimes 1+ \kappa^21\otimes H_f+ H'(\kappa)\), \(H_{\text{eff}}:= H_p+ V^{(\text{eff})}\), is used. Assume that the conditions (V1), (V2) etc. hold. (V1). There exists \(\alpha_c> 0\) such that \(\text{inf\,}\sigma(H_{\text{eff}})\in \sigma_{\text{disc}}(H_{\text{eff}})\) for \(\alpha_j\) with \(|\alpha_j|> \alpha_c\), \(j= 1,\dots, N\). Main Theorem. Fix a sufficiently large \(\kappa> 0\). Then there exists a constant \(\alpha_c(\kappa)> 0\) such that for \(0<\alpha_c< |\alpha_j|< \alpha_c(\kappa)\), \(j= 1,\dots, N\), \(H(\kappa)\) has a ground state, where \(\alpha_c(\kappa)\) is possibly infinite.