Hypoellipticity for a class of operators with multiple characteristics (Q926388)

The authors consider a class of pseudo-differential operators, with symplectic characteristics of multiplicity 4, having as example in \(\mathbb{R}^2\) \[ P= (D^2_{x_1}+ x^{2h}_1 D^2_{x_2})^2+\lambda x^{h-3}_1 D_{x_2}, \] with \(H\geq 3\). In general, two smooth conic manifolds \(\Sigma_1\) and \(\Sigma_2\) in \(T^*\mathbb{R}^n\) are fixed with symplectic and transversal intersection \(\Sigma= \Sigma_1\cap\Sigma_2\); the principal symbol \(p_m(x,\eta)\) is assumed to satisfy the estimate \[ |p_m(x, \eta)|\leq|\eta|^m\, (\text{dist}_{\Sigma_1}(x, \eta)^h+ \text{dist}_{\Sigma_2}(x, \eta))^4, \] where \(\text{dist}_{\Sigma_j}(x, \eta)\) represents the distance from \((x,\eta/|\eta|)\) to \(\Sigma_j\), \(j= 1,2\). Suitable hypotheses are introduced on the lower order terms, granting hypoellipticity and analytic hypoellipticity of the corresponding operator \(P\). With respect to the preceding paper on the same subject by \textit{M. Mascarello Rodino} and \textit{L. Rodino} [Ann. Sc. Norm. Super. Pisa, Cl. Sci., IV. Ser. 8, 575--603 (1981; Zbl 0441.35069)], the authors here introduce geometric invariants, allowing more precise and correct reduction to the flat case, when \(\Sigma_1= \{(x,\eta): x_1= 0\}\), \(\Sigma_2= \{(x, \eta): \eta_1= 0,\, \eta\neq 0\}\).