Bispectral and \((\mathfrak{gl}_{N},\mathfrak{gl}_{M})\) dualities (Q952230)

Let \(V=\langle p_{ij}(x)e^{\lambda_i x}, i = 1, \dots, n, j =1, \dots, N_i \rangle\) be a space of quasipolynomials of dimensions \(N = N_1 + \dots, N_n\). Then, the regularized fundamental operator of \(V\) is defined as the polynomial differential operator \(D = \sum_{i=0}^N A_{N-1}(x) \partial^i_x\) annihilating \(V\) and its leading coefficient \(A_0\) is a polynomial of the minimal possible degree. A space of quasipolynomials \(U = \langle q_{ab}(u) e^{z_a u} \rangle\), whose regularized fundamental operator is the differential operator \(\sum_{i=0}^N u^i A_{N-i}(x) (\partial_u)\), is constructed using a suitable integral transformation. These special spaces of quasipolynomials related to the \((\mathfrak{gl}_N, \mathfrak{gl}_M)\) duality are studied. A conjecture about the bispectral correspondence of Bethe vectors under the \((\mathfrak{gl}_N, \mathfrak{gl}_M)\) duality is proved for \(N=M=2\). The relation between this integral transformation and the bispectral involution on the space of rational solutions (vanishing at infinity) of the KP hierarchy is indicated. From the properties of the integral transformation a correspondence between critical points of the two master functions associated with \((\mathfrak{gl}_N, \mathfrak{gl}_M)\)-dual Gaudin models and also between the corresponding Bethe vectors is obtained.