Lyapunov inequalities for one-dimensional \(p\)-Laplacian problems with a singular weight function (Q962535)

The authors establish Lyapunov inequalities with more general weight functions. Their main results are stated in the following: Theorem 1. If \(r\in A\cap B\) and \(u\) is a positive solution of \[ -\varphi_p(u'(t))'= r(t)\varphi_p(u(t)),\qquad t\in (a,b), \] \[ u(a)= 0= u(b), \] then \[ {(b-a)^{p-1}\over 2^{p-2}}\leq \int^b_a (t- a)^{p-1} (b- r)^{p-1} r(t)\,dt, \] where \(\varphi_p(x)= |x|^{p-2} x\), \(p> 1\), \[ \begin{multlined} A= \Biggl\{r\in C((a,b),[0,\infty))\,:\, \int^{(a+b)/2}_a \varphi^{-1}_p\Biggl(\int^{(a+ b)/2}_s r(\tau)\,d\tau\Biggr)\,ds +{}\\ \int^b_{(a+b)/2} \varphi^{-1}_p\Biggl(\int^s_{(a+b)/2} r(\tau)\,d\tau\Biggr)\,ds< \infty\Biggr\}\end{multlined} \] and \[ B= \Biggl\{r\in C((a, b),[0,\infty))\,:\, \int^b_s (s- a)^{p-1} (b- s)^{p-1} r(s)\,ds< \infty\Biggr\}. \] Theorem 2. If \(r_i\in \Gamma\), \(i= 1,2,\dots, n\) and \((u_1,u_2,\dots, u_n)\) is a positive solution of \[ \begin{aligned} \varphi_p(u_1'(t))'+ r_1(t)\varphi_p(u_2(t))= 0,\quad & t\in(a,b),\\ \varphi_2(u_2'(t))'+ r_2(t)\varphi_p(u_3(t))= 0,\quad & t\in (a,b),\\ \cdots&\\ \varphi_p(u_{n-1}'(t))'+ r_{n-1}(t) \varphi_p(u_n(t))= 0,\quad & t\in (a,b),\\ \varphi_p(u_n'(t))'+ r_n(t) \varphi_p(u_1(t))= 0,\quad & t\in (a,b),\\ u_1(a)=\cdots= u_n(a)= 0= u_1(b)=\cdots= u_n(b),\end{aligned} \] then \[ \int^b_a ((t- a)(b- t))^{p-1} r_1(t)\,dt\cdots \int^b_a ((t- a)(b- t))^{p-1} r_n(t)\,dt\geq {[(b- a)^{p-1}]^n\over (2^{p-2})^n}, \] where \[ \begin{multlined} \Gamma= \Biggl\{r\in C((a,b), [0,\infty))\,:\,\text{there are }\alpha,\beta> 0\text{ such that}\\ \alpha,\beta< p-1\text{ and }\int^b_a(s- a)^\alpha(b- s)^\beta r(s)\,ds< \infty\Biggr\}.\end{multlined} \] Theorem 3. If \(r_i\in\Gamma\), \(i= 1,2,\dots, n\), and \((u_1,u_2,\dots, u_n)\) is a positive solution of \[ \begin{aligned} \varphi_p(u_1'(t))'+ r_1(t)(\varphi_p(u_1(t))+ \varphi_p(u_2(t))+\cdots+ \varphi_p(u_n(t)))= 0,\;& t\in (a,b),\\ \varphi_p(u_2'(t))'+ r_2(t)(\varphi_p(u_1(t))+ \varphi_p(u_2(t))+\cdots+ \varphi_p(u_n(t)))= 0,\;& t\in (a,b),\\ \cdots&\\ \varphi_p(u_n'(t))'+ r_n(t)(\varphi_p(u_1(t))+ \varphi_p(u_2(t))+\cdots+ \varphi_p(u_n(t)))= 0,\;& t\in (a,b),\\ u_1(a)=\cdots= u_n(a)= 0= u_1(b)=\cdots u_n(b),\end{aligned} \] then \[ \int^b_a((t- a)(b- t))^{p-1} r_1(t)\,dt+\cdots+ \int^b_a ((t- a)(b- t))^{p-1} r_n(t)\,dt\geq {1\over n}{(b- a)^{p-1}\over 2^{p-2}}. \]