An extension of Bochner's problem: exceptional invariant subspaces (Q976201)

This paper is one of a series by the authors which characterize the coefficients of second-order ordinary differential eigenvalue problem with a density \[ \widetilde p(x)y''(x)+\widetilde q(x)y'(x)+\widetilde r(x) y(x)= \lambda s(x)y(x),\tag{*} \] where it is assumed that the solutions \(\{P_n(x)\}\) form a complete set of orthogonal polynomials of degree \(n\geq m\) with respect to a given positive definite inner product \(m\geq 1\). The present paper deals with the case \(m=1\). It is proved that the coefficients of (*) must have the special form \[ s(x)= x-b,\;p(x)=\widetilde p(x) s(x)= k_2(x- b)^2+ k_1(x- b)+ k_0, \] \[ \widetilde q(x)= a(x- c)(x- b)(k_1(x- b)+ 2k_0),\;\widetilde r(x)= -a(k_1(x- b)+ 2k_0), \] \[ b\neq c,\;a= b/(c- b),\;k_0= p(b)\neq 0. \] The equations are essentially of Jacobi and Laguerre type [\textit{D. Gómez-Ullate}, \textit{N. Kamran} and \textit{R. Milson}, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 359, No. 1, 352--367 (2009; Zbl 1183.34033)].