On the number of zeros of Abelian integrals. A constructive solution of the infinitesimal Hilbert sixteenth problem (Q982188)

We recall that Hilbert's 16th problem is to estimate the number of limit cycles of a planar polynomial system of a given degree. This problem is unsolved even for quadratic systems. Let \(H\) be a real polynomial of degree \(n+1\) and \(\omega\) be a polynomial 1-form with polynomial coefficients of degree \(n\). The closed components of the level curves of \(H\) are called ovals. For an oval \(\gamma (t)\) in a fixed family of ovals, let \(I(t)=\int_{\gamma (t)}^{} \omega\). The number of limit cycles generated by the ovals of \(H\) in the family of polynomial differential equations \(dH+\varepsilon \omega =0\) as \(\varepsilon\) passes through zero is bounded from above by the number of zeros of all integrals \((I)\) over all families of ovals. The infinitesimal Hilbert's 16th problem is to find an upper bound for the number of zeros of Abelian integrals \((I)\); the upper bound must depend on \(n=\text{deg}(H) -1\) only. In this paper, the authors prove that this number of zeros is not greater than \(2^{2^{Poly(n)}}\), where \(Poly(n) = O(n^{p})\), is an explicit polynomially growing term with exponent \(p\) not exceeding 61. This result is an explicit constructive solution of the infinitesimal Hilbert's 16th problem. The result is a solid step towards a solution of Hilbert's 16th problem.