An atomic decomposition of the Hajłasz Sobolev space on manifolds (Q990152)

Let \(M\) be a complete non-compact Riemannian manifold, \(\mu\) the Riemannian measure on \(M\), \(\text{Lip}(M)\) the space of Lipschitz function on \(M\), and \(\text{Lip}_0(M)\) the space of compactly supported Lipschitz functions on \(M\). Let \(p\in[1,\infty]\). The Sobolev space \(\dot{M}_p^1\) on \(M\) is the set of all functions \(u\in L_{1,\text{loc}}\) such that there exists a measurable function \(g\geq0\), \(g\in L_p\), satisfying \[ |u(x)-u(y)|\leq d(x,y)(g(x)+g(y)) \] for almost every \(x,\,y\in M\). Furthermore, let \(\|u\|_{\dot{M}_p^1}\equiv\inf_{g}\|g\|_p\), where the infimum is taken over all \(g\) as above. For \(1<t\leq\infty\), \(\frac1t+\frac1{t'}=1\), a function \(a\) is called a homogeneous Hardy-Sobolev \((1,t)\)-atom if \(a\) is supported in a ball \(B\), \(\|a\|_{\dot{W}_t^1}\equiv\|\nabla a\|_t\leq[\mu(B)]^{-\frac1{t'}}\), and \(\int_M a\,d\mu=0\). A function \(f\) is said to belong the homogeneous atomic Hardy-Sobolev space \(\dot{H}S_{t,\text{ato}}^1\) if there exists a sequence of homogeneous Hardy-Sobolev \((1,t)\)-atoms \(\{a_j\}_j\) and a sequence \(\{\lambda_j\}_j\) of numbers such that \(f=\sum_j\lambda_ja_j\) with \(\sum_j|\lambda_j|<\infty\). Furthermore, let \(\|f\|_{\dot{H}S_{t,\text{ato}}^1}=\inf\{\sum_j|\lambda_j|\}\), where the infimum is taken over all possible decompositions of \(f\) as above. In this paper, the authors show that, if \(M\) is a complete Riemannian manifold satisfying the doubling property, namely, there exists a positive constant \(C_D\) such that, for all \(x\in M\) and \(r>0\), \(\mu(B(x,2r))\leq C\mu(B(x,r))\), then for all \(\frac s{s+1}<q<1\), \(\dot{M}_1^1\subset\dot{H}S_{q^*,\text{ato}}^1\), where \(s\equiv\log_2C_D\). Moreover, if \(M\) admits a Poincaré inequality, namely, there exists a positive constant \(C\) such that, for every function \(f\in\text{Lip}_0(M)\) and every ball \(B\) of \(M\) of radius \(r>0\), \[ \frac1{\mu(B)}\int_B|f-f_B|\,d\mu\leq Cr\;\frac1{\mu(B)}\int_B|\nabla f|\,d\mu, \] where \(f_B=\frac1{\mu(B)}\int_Bf\,d\mu\), then for all \(t>1\), the authors prove that \(\dot{M}_1^1=\dot{H}S_{t,\text{ato}}^1\). Then the authors also obtain a nonhomogeneous version of these results. As applications, the authors characterize the Hardy-Sobolev spaces on \(M\) in terms of derivatives.