Local normal forms of noncommutative functions

DOI10.1017/FMP.2025.2MaRDI QIDQ7022007zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Gavin Brown, Michael Wemyss

Publication date 25 February 2025

Published in Forum of Mathematics, Pi (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1017/FMP.2025.2

zbMATH Keywords

ADE classification flops noncommutative singularity theory

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Singularities in algebraic geometry (14B05) Formal neighborhoods in algebraic geometry (14B20) Minimal model program (Mori theory, extremal rays) (14E30) Noncommutative local and semilocal rings, perfect rings (16L30) Rings arising from noncommutative algebraic geometry (16S38)

Review text

This interesting paper develops a non-commutative Thom-Mather singularity theory and gives in particular normal forms for the simplest singularities, à la Arnol'd.\N\NThe setting is as follows. Function germs are elements \(f\) of the ring \(\mathbb C\langle\!\langle x \rangle\!\rangle\) of formal power series in non-commuting variables \(x_1,\dots,x_d\). In this situation there is a splitting lemma, first established by \textit{H. Derksen} et al. [Sel. Math., New Ser. 14, No. 1, 59--119 (2008; Zbl 1204.16008)] in the context of quivers with potentials, that a function is right equivalent to a sum of squares plus a function of order at least three in the remaining variables. Right equivalence here means that the functions are up to an automorphism cyclically equivalent. The appropriate partial derivatives are the cyclic derivatives and the quotient of \(\mathbb C\langle\!\langle x \rangle\!\rangle\) by the two-sided ideal generated by the partial derivatives w.r.t the variables is the Jacobi algebra \(\operatorname{Jac}(f)\) of \(f\). Right equivalent functions have isomorphic Jacobi algebras. Having isomorphic Jacobi algebras is taken as the equivalence relation for classification in this paper. Let \(\mathcal J\) be the Jacobson radical of \(\operatorname{Jac}(f)\). The \(\mathcal J\)-dimension of \(\operatorname{Jac}(f)\) is the degree of the growth of \(\dim \operatorname{Jac}(f)/\mathcal J^n\). This dimension is zero if and only if \(\dim \operatorname{Jac}(f)<\infty\).\N\NNormal forms are given for functions with \(\operatorname{Jac}(f)\) having \(\mathcal J\)-dimension 0 or 1. In case of corank 1 the classification gives the same list of singularities of type \(A_k\) as in the commutative case, but the authors use a different indexing: \(A_k\) is the function \(x^k\). The function \(A_\infty\) is the only corank 1 function with \(\mathcal J\)-dimension 1. Also the other functions turn out to have naturally an ADE-type, but already for functions of type \(D\) new phenomena occur. The function \(xy^2+x^k\) has \(\mathcal J\)-dimension 0 or 1 depending on the parity of \(k\). The normal forms with \(\mathcal J\)-dimension 0 are \(D_{n,m} = xy^2+x^{2n}+x^{2m-1}\) with \(m\leq 2n-1\) or \(m=\infty\). For type \(E\) the computations are much harder and only some examples are given.\N\NThe normal forms lead to a classification of simple flops. Given any crepant projective birational morphism \(X\to \operatorname{Spec} R\) to a complete local cDV singularity, there is an associated contraction algebra \(A_\text{con}\) [\textit{W. Donovan} and \textit{M. Wemyss}, Duke Math. J. 165, No. 8, 1397--1474 (2016; Zbl 1346.14031)]. For simple contractions this contraction algebra is of the form \(\operatorname{Jac}(f)\) for some \(f\in \mathbb C\langle\!\langle x,y \rangle\!\rangle\). In particular, the Authors give a classification of type \(D\) flops.

Cites work

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Local forms for the double A_n quiver

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