Metric properties of polynomials
Les AA. considèrent un polynôme \(f(z) = \prod_{\nu=1}^n (z-z_\nu)\), désignent par \(E=E(f)\) l'ensemble des \(z\) complexes tels que \(|f(z)| < 1\), et étudient les relations entre des conditions de position pour les \(z_\nu\) (en général une limitation commune de leur module, et dans certains cas l'hypothèse additionnelle que les \(z_\nu\) sont réels), et certaines propriétés topologiques ou métriques de \(E\). Par exemple, si les \(z_\nu\) sont réels et tels que \(|z_\nu| \leq r\) pour tout \(r\), ils déterminent la borne supérieure exacte (en fonction de \(r\)) du diamètre de \(E \cap R\) (\(R\) axe réel); généralisant un résultant de G. MacLane, ils prouvent que lorsque les \(|z_1| \) sont supposés \(\leq 1\), la mesure de \(E\) peut être arbitrairement petite. Le nombre des composantes connexes de \(\bar E\), pour \(|z_\nu| \leq 1\), est au plus \(n-1\) et peut atteindre cette valeur. Si \(|z_\nu| \leq r_0 = \sin {1 \over 8} \pi/(1 + \sin {1 \over 8} \pi)\), \(E\) est convexe. Enfin, si \(|z_\nu| \leq 1\), et si, pour un \(c>0\) donné, on considère les polynômes du type envisagé tels que \(|f(z)| \geq (1+c)^n\) pour \(|z| = 1\), il existe deux constantes \(c_1 < 1\), \(c_2 > 0\) ne dépendant que de \(c\), et telles que, pour ces polynômes, l'ensemble des \(z\) tels que \(|z| \leq 1\) et \(|f(z)| \leq c_1^n\) soit de mesure \(\geq c_2\). Les AA. indiquent en outre un grand nombre de problèmes non résolus liés aux question précédentes. \smallskip The authors consider a polynomial \(f(z) = \prod_{\nu=1}^n (z-z_\nu)\), denote by \(E=E(f)\) the set of complex \(z\) so that \(|f(z)| <1\), investigate the relations between the conditions for the position of the \(z_\nu\) (in general a common limit for their modul, and in certain cases the additional hypothesis that the \(z_\nu\) are reals), and certain topological or metric properties of \(E\). For exemple, if the \(z_\nu\) are reals et that \(|z_\nu| \leq r\) for all \(r\), they determine the exact upper bound (for variable \(r\)) of the diameter of \(E \cap R\) (\(R\) real axis); Generalizing a result of G. MacLane, they prove that the measure \(E\) can be arbitrarily small because the numbers \(|z_1|\) are supposed to be \(\leq 1\). The number of connected composits of \(\bar E\), for \(|z_\nu| \leq 1\), is at most \(n-1\) and can take this value. If \(|z_\nu| \leq r_0 = \sin {1 \over 8} \pi/(1 +\sin {1 \over 8} \pi)\), \(E\) is convex. Finally, if \(|z_\nu| \leq 1\), and if for certain given \(c > 0\), the authors consider the polynomials of this type so that \(|f(z)| \geq (1+c)^n\) for \(|z| =1\), there exist two constants \(c_1 < 1\), \(c_2 > 0\) only dependent of \(c\), and so that for these polynomials, the set of all \(z\) so that \(|z| \leq 1\) and \(|f(z)| \leq c_1^n\) are of measure \(\geq c_2\). The authors further state a great nomber of unsolved problems related to the preceding questions.
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