Minimal state space realizations in Jacobson normal form

Abstract: We derive a procedure for a minimal state space realization of a rational transfer matrix over an arbitrary eld. The procedure is based on the Smith- McMillan form and leads to a state transition matrix in Jacobson normal form.

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A procedure for determining the minimal state space realization is given, which provides the drift matrix in Jacobson normal form, the transfer matrices being over an arbitrary field \(K\). Firstly the special case of matrices \(W\in K^{q\times t}(s)\) with coprime factorization \(W=hp^{-k}g\) is considered, where \(k\in\mathbb{N}\), \(h\in K^{q}[s],\;g\in K^{t}[s]\) and \(p\in K[s]\) is a monic irreducible polynomial of degree \(n\). A minimal realization \((F,G,H)\) of \(\pi_{-}W\) is provided (\(\pi_{-}\) is the projection of \(K(s)\) onto \(K_{sp}(s)\), the \(K\)-vector space of strictly proper rational functions over \(K\)) with \(F\) the \(nk\times nk\) Jacobson block \[ F=\left(\begin{matrix} C&V&\cdots&0\\ 0&C&\cdots&0\\ \cdot&\cdot&\cdots&\cdot\\ 0&0&\cdots&V\\ 0&0&\cdots&C\end{matrix}\right), \] where \(C\) is the companion matrix associated with \(p\) and \(V=e_{n}e_{1}^{T}\). The general case of strictly proper rational matrices \(T\in K^{q\times t}(s)\) is reduced to the above special case by a direct sum decomposition and by using the Smith-McMillan form. This approach is an extension of Kalman's minimal realization with \(F\) in Jordan normal form. It is motivated by the applications to linear sequential circuits connected with convolutional codes. An example illustrates the proposed method.

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